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  3. The decrease in responsiveness that follows continuous stimulation (adaptation)

The decrease in responsiveness that follows continuous stimulation (adaptation)

游客2024-01-10  29
问题 The decrease in responsiveness that follows continuous stimulation (adaptation) is common to all sensory systems, including olfaction. With continued exposure to chronically present ambient odors, individuals’ perception of odor intensity is greatly reduced. Moreover, these perceptual changes can be profound and durable. It is commonly reported that following extended absences from the odorous environment, reexposure may still fail to elicit perception at the original intensity.
Most research on olfactory adaptation examines relatively transient changes in stimulus detection or perceived intensity—rarely exceeding several hours and often less—but because olfactory adaptation can be produced with relatively short exposures, these durations are sufficient for investigating many parameters of the phenomenon. However, exposures to odors in natural environments often occur over far longer periods, and the resulting adaptations may differ qualitatively from short-term olfactory adaptation. For example, studies show that even brief periods of odorant stimulation produce transient reductions in receptors in the olfactory epithelium, a process termed “receptor fatigue.” Prolonged odor stimulation, however, could produce more long-lasting reductions in response, possibly involving structures higher in the central nervous system pathway. [br] The passage asserts which of the following about the exposures involved in the “research on olfactory adaptation”?
选项 A、The exposures are of long enough duration for researchers to investigate many aspects of olfactory adaptation.
B、The exposures have rarely consisted of reexposures following extended absences from the odorous environment.
C、The exposures are intended to reproduce the relatively transient olfactory changes typical of exposures to odors in natural environments.
D、Those exposures of relatively short duration are often insufficient to produce the phenomenon of receptor fatigue in study subjects.
E、Those exposures lasting several hours produce reductions in receptors in the olfactory epithelium that are similar to the reductions caused by prolonged odor stimulation.
答案 A
解析 本题定位到第二段第一句，这些研究者认为短期的刺激足够用来研究嗅觉适应性的很多参数。A选项同义改写原文，正确。
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