首页
登录
职称英语
Can Hurricanes be Moderated or D
Can Hurricanes be Moderated or D
游客
2024-01-07
7
管理
问题
Can Hurricanes be Moderated or Diverted?
A. Each year, massive swirling storms bringing along winds greater than 74 miles per hour wipe across tropical oceans and land on shorelines—usually devastating vast swaths of territory. When these roiling tempests strike densely inhabited territories, they have the power to kill thousands and cause property damage worth of billions of dollars. Besides, absolutely nothing stands in their way. But can we ever find a way to control these formidable forces of nature?
B. To see why hurricanes and other severe tropical storms may be susceptible to human intervention, a researcher must first learn about their nature and origins. Hurricanes grow in the form of thunderstorm clusters above the tropical seas. Oceans in low-latitude areas never stop giving out heat and moisture to the atmosphere, which brings about warm, wet air above the sea surface. When this kind of air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and precipitation. Condensation gives out heat in the process— the solar heat is used to evaporate the water at the ocean surface. This so-called invisible heat of condensation makes the air more buoyant, leading to it ascending higher while reinforcing itself in the feedback process. At last, the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye—the calm centre hub that a hurricane spins around. When reaching the land, the hurricane no longer has a continuous supply of warm water, which causes it to swiftly weaken.
C. Our current studies are inspired by my past intuition when I was learning about chaos theory 30 years ago. The reason why long-range forecasting is complicated is that the atmosphere is highly sensitive to small influences and tiny mistakes can compound fast in the weather-forecasting models. However, this sensitivity also made me realise a possibility: if we intentionally applied some slight inputs to a hurricane, we might create a strong influence that could affect the storms, either by steering them away from densely populated areas or by slowing them down. Back then, I was not able to test my ideas, but thanks to the advancement of computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies over the last 10 years, I can now renew my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control.
D. To find out whether the sensitivity of the atmospheric system could be exploited to adjust such robust atmospheric phenomena as hurricanes, our research team ran simulation experiments on computers for a hurricane named Iniki that occurred in 1992. The current forecasting technologies were far from perfect, so it took us by surprise that our first simulation turned out to be an immediate success. With the goal of altering the path of Iniki in mind, we first picked the spot where we wanted the storm to stop after six hours. Then we used this target to generate artificial observations and put these into the computer model.
E. The most significant alteration turned out to be the initial temperatures and winds. Usually, the temperature changes across the grid were only tenths of a degree, but the most noteworthy change, which was an increase of almost two degrees Celsius, took place in the lowest model layer to the west of the storm centre. The calculations produced wind-speed changes of two or three miles per hour. However, in several spots, the rates shifted by as much as 20 mph due to minor redirections of the winds close to the storm’s centre. In terms of structure, the initial and altered versions of Hurricane Iniki seemed almost the same, but the changes in critical variables were so substantial that the latter one went off the track to the west during the first six hours of the simulation and then travelled due north, leaving Kauai untouched.
F. Future earth-orbiting solar power stations, equipped with large mirrors to focus the sun’s rays and panels of photovoltaic cells to gather and send energy to the Earth, might be adapted to beam microwaves which turn to be absorbed by water vapour molecules inside or around the storm. The microwaves would cause the water molecules to vibrate and heat up the surrounding air, which then leads to the hurricane slowing down or moving in a preferred direction.
G. Simulations of hurricanes conducted on a computer have implied that by changing the precipitation, evaporation and air temperature, we could make a difference to a storm’s route or abate its winds. Intervention could be in many different forms: exquisitely targeted clouds bearing silver iodide or other rainfall-inducing elements might deprive a hurricane of the water it needs to grow and multiply from its formidable eyewall, which is the essential characteristic of a severe tropical storm.
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.
Hurricanes originate as groups of【R1】________over the tropical oceans. Low-latitude seas continuously provide heat and moisture to the atmosphere, producing warm, humid air above the sea surface. When this air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and precipitation.【R2】________releases heat—the solar heat it took to evaporate the water at the ocean surface. This so-called latent【R3】________of condensation makes the air more buoyant, causing it to ascend still higher in a self-reinforcing feedback process. Eventually, the tropical depression begins to organise and strengthen, forming the familiar【R4】________the calm central hub around which a hurricane spins. On passing over【R5】________, the hurricane’s sustaining source of warm water is cut off, which leads to the storm’s rapid weakening. [br] 【R4】
选项
答案
eye
解析
最终,热带低气压逐渐增强,形成了我们熟悉的什么。通过题干tropical depression定位到“At last,the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye.”其中creating替换题干forming,familiar修饰的名词即为答案。因此,本题的答案为eye。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3342388.html
相关试题推荐
CanHurricanesbeModeratedorD
CanHurricanesbeModeratedorD
CanHurricanesbeModeratedorD
CanHurricanesbeModeratedorD
CanHurricanesbeModeratedorD
随机试题
[originaltext]PyramidsalongtheNileRiverarethemostinterestingbuildi
PlanningaWritingLessonI.Whatisagenre—variousinkind—commonfeatures
以疾病特性命名的外科疾病是A.背疽 B.肺痈 C.破伤风 D.白驳风 E
DIC患者实验室检查结果不应该出现的是A.APTT缩短 B.APTT延长 C
藿香正气散的组成成分不包括A:白芷B:苍术C:苦桔梗D:半夏曲E:大腹皮
不符合巨大血小板综合征的特点的是A:常染色体隐性遗传病B:血小板膜GPⅠb/Ⅸ
今年的“双十一购物节”让外界___中国热闹异常的电子商务产业。美国媒体感叹中国的
我国支付结算实务中,具有提示付款期规定的票据是()。A.支票 B.银行本票
锐床是常见机床的一种,某公司近期购置了2台25m长的大型龙门统床,安装时,这两台
属于二级建造师执业工程规模标准的体育场地设施工程的是()。A.单项工程占地
最新回复
(
0
)