首页
登录
职称英语
【31】 [br] 【36】 [originaltext] Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some exp
【31】 [br] 【36】 [originaltext] Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some exp
游客
2024-01-07
38
管理
问题
【31】 [br] 【36】
Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some experiments that have been done on memory in babies and young children. Our memories, it’s true to say, work very differently depending upon whether we are very old, very young or somewhere in the middle. But when exactly do we start to remember things and how much can we recall? One of the first questions that we might ask is - do babies have any kind of episodic memory ... can they remember particular events? Obviously, we can’t ask them, so how do we find out? Well, one experiment that’s been used has produced some interesting results. It’s quite simple and involves a baby, in its cot, a colourful mobile and a piece of string. It works like this. If you suspend the mobile above the cot and connect the baby’s foot to it with the string the mobile will move every time the baby kicks. Now you can allow time for the baby to learn what happens and enjoy the activity. Then you remove the mobile for a time and re-introduce it some time from one to fourteen days later. If you look at this table of results ... at the top two rows ... you can see that what is observed shows that two-month- old babies can remember .the trick for up to two days and three-month-old babies for up to a fortnight. And although babies trained on one mobile will respond only if you use the familiar mobile, if you train them on a variety of colours and designs, they will happily respond to each one in turn.
Now, looking at the third row on the table, you will see that when they learn to speak, babies as young as 21 months demonstrate an ability to remember events which happened several weeks earlier. And by the time they are two, some children’s memories will stretch back over six months, though their recall will be random, with little distinction between key events and trivial ones and very few of these memories, if any, will survive into later life. So we can conclude from this that even very tiny babies are capable of grasping and remembering a concept.
So how is it that young infants can suddenly remember for a considerably longer period of time? Well, one theory accounting for all of this - and this relates to the next question we might ask - is that memory develops with language. Very young children with limited vocabularies are not good at organising their thoughts. Though they may be capable of storing memories, do they have the ability to retrieve them? One expert has suggested an analogy with books on a library shelf. With infants, he says, ’it is as if early books are hard to find because they were acquired before the cataloguing system was developed’.
But even older children forget far more quickly than adults do. In another experiment, several six-year-olds, nine-year-olds and adults were shown a staged incident. In other words, they all watched what they thought was a natural sequence of events. The incident went like this ... a lecture which they were listening to was suddenly interrupted by something accidentally overturning, in this case it was a slide projector. To add a third stage and make the recall more demanding, this ’accident’ was then followed by an argument. In a memory test the following day, the adults and the nine-year-olds scored an average 70% and the six- year-olds did only slightly worse. In a retest five months later, the pattern was very different. The adults’ memory recall hadn’t changed but the nine-year-olds’ had slipped to less than 60% and the six-year-olds could manage little better than 40% recall.
In similar experiments with numbers, digit span is shown to...
选项
答案
language
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3341996.html
相关试题推荐
Onthebeachtherewasacastofa______.[br]【17】______[originaltext]Pr
Onthebeachtherewasacastofa______.[br]【16】______[originaltext]Pr
Onthebeachtherewasacastofa______.[br]【15】______[originaltext]Pr
【31】[br]【37】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【36】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【33】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【21】[br]【30】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
【21】[br]【29】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
【21】[br]【28】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
【21】[br]【27】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
随机试题
Thepassagecites"It’slikebeingblindfoldedandwalkingtowardtheedgeofa
ControlanUniversityLogisticNumber,BoycottSchoolFeesRiseOve
Inasensetheuniversityhasfailed.Ithasstoredgreatquantitiesofknow
下列指令中,不需指明具体价位的是()。A、阶梯价格指令B、止损指令C、市价指令D、限价指令C市价指令是期货交易中常用的指令之一。它是指按当时市场
D利用连续两项系数绝对值的比求极限R=1,与a、b无关
社区的外部功能包括()A.促进社会稳定和发展 B.促进经济发展 C.社会
公募基金场内交易的一级结算由()作为结算参与人与中国结算公司完成资金交收。A.
某水产公司共销售甲、乙、丙、丁四种鱼类产品。其在两个季度的销售额和销售量情况如下
可保风险的意外性意味着风险损失发生的( )。 A.非投机性 B.非必
2008-22.下列关于表证与里证区别的叙述中,错误的是 A.表证脉多浮,
最新回复
(
0
)