首页
登录
职称英语
【31】 [br] 【33】 [originaltext] Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some exp
【31】 [br] 【33】 [originaltext] Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some exp
游客
2024-01-07
32
管理
问题
【31】 [br] 【33】
Lecturer: We’re going to look today at some experiments that have been done on memory in babies and young children. Our memories, it’s true to say, work very differently depending upon whether we are very old, very young or somewhere in the middle. But when exactly do we start to remember things and how much can we recall? One of the first questions that we might ask is - do babies have any kind of episodic memory ... can they remember particular events? Obviously, we can’t ask them, so how do we find out? Well, one experiment that’s been used has produced some interesting results. It’s quite simple and involves a baby, in its cot, a colourful mobile and a piece of string. It works like this. If you suspend the mobile above the cot and connect the baby’s foot to it with the string the mobile will move every time the baby kicks. Now you can allow time for the baby to learn what happens and enjoy the activity. Then you remove the mobile for a time and re-introduce it some time from one to fourteen days later. If you look at this table of results ... at the top two rows ... you can see that what is observed shows that two-month- old babies can remember .the trick for up to two days and three-month-old babies for up to a fortnight. And although babies trained on one mobile will respond only if you use the familiar mobile, if you train them on a variety of colours and designs, they will happily respond to each one in turn.
Now, looking at the third row on the table, you will see that when they learn to speak, babies as young as 21 months demonstrate an ability to remember events which happened several weeks earlier. And by the time they are two, some children’s memories will stretch back over six months, though their recall will be random, with little distinction between key events and trivial ones and very few of these memories, if any, will survive into later life. So we can conclude from this that even very tiny babies are capable of grasping and remembering a concept.
So how is it that young infants can suddenly remember for a considerably longer period of time? Well, one theory accounting for all of this - and this relates to the next question we might ask - is that memory develops with language. Very young children with limited vocabularies are not good at organising their thoughts. Though they may be capable of storing memories, do they have the ability to retrieve them? One expert has suggested an analogy with books on a library shelf. With infants, he says, ’it is as if early books are hard to find because they were acquired before the cataloguing system was developed’.
But even older children forget far more quickly than adults do. In another experiment, several six-year-olds, nine-year-olds and adults were shown a staged incident. In other words, they all watched what they thought was a natural sequence of events. The incident went like this ... a lecture which they were listening to was suddenly interrupted by something accidentally overturning, in this case it was a slide projector. To add a third stage and make the recall more demanding, this ’accident’ was then followed by an argument. In a memory test the following day, the adults and the nine-year-olds scored an average 70% and the six- year-olds did only slightly worse. In a retest five months later, the pattern was very different. The adults’ memory recall hadn’t changed but the nine-year-olds’ had slipped to less than 60% and the six-year-olds could manage little better than 40% recall.
In similar experiments with numbers, digit span is shown to...
选项
答案
14 days
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3341993.html
相关试题推荐
Onthebeachtherewasacastofa______.[br]【19】[originaltext]Presente
Onthebeachtherewasacastofa______.[br]【16】______[originaltext]Pr
【31】[br]【40】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【38】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【37】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【36】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【31】[br]【32】[originaltext]Lecturer:Inthelastlecture,welookedatthe
【21】[br]【30】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
【21】[br]【28】[originaltext]Tutor:Goodmorningeveryone.WellIthinkwecans
【21】[br]WhatdidRosieandMikerealiseaboutthetwotheatres?[originaltext]
随机试题
"Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitatwork,atitsmost
Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles______fightaway.A、hadtobeprinte
Hewillhaveto______hisindecentbehaviouroneday.A、answertoB、answerforC、a
[originaltext]M:I’mnevergoingtoshopatSunFashionShopagain!W:It’snot
利用RFID、传感器、二维码等随时随地获取物体的信息,指的是()。A.可靠传递
在厘清服务对象和初步需求时,理财师需要了解客户及其家庭主要成员的背景情况,其中不
脾虚夹积型积滞证见面色萎黄,其病因是A.气血运行不畅 B.脾胃虚弱,湿邪内生
房地产经纪人员在工作中可能感到心理压力很大,关于消除心理压力的做法,错误的是(
报警区域的划分主要是为了迅速确定报警及火灾发生部位,并解决消防系统的联动设计问题
根据《建设工程价款结算暂行办法》(财建{2004}369号),发承包双方***在
最新回复
(
0
)