首页
登录
职称英语
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Hydropowe
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Hydropowe
游客
2024-01-07
11
管理
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Hydropower
Renewable—constant source (31) from natural hydrologic cyde
(32) —90% of hydro energy→electricity
Clean—no air or (33) pollution
(34) & curable—simple to operate
Flexible—can start
adapt quickly to meet demand→leads to (35) of power supply. [br]
Welcome to our series on renewable resources. The topic today is hydropower. As you most probably know, ’hydro’ means water—so we are talking about using water to generate electricity. Of course, there are many ways to generate electricity but hydropower is important to the community, firstly and obviously, because it’s renewable. The earth’s hydrologic cycle of constant evaporation and transpiration provides a continual supply of water from rainfall and snowmelt. The second point to consider is its efficiency. Hydropower plants are able to convert approximately 90% of the energy from the falling water into electric energy whereas many fossil-fuelled plants lose more than half of the energy content of their fuel by way of waste heat and gases. For this reason they are very efficient.
Hydropower is also clean. It doesn’t emit harmful gases that contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. No trucks, trains or pipelines are needed to bring fuel to the site and there’s no noise pollution either. Furthermore, hydropower plant machinery is fairly simple and runs at slow speeds, which makes it reliable and durable. And, hydropower units are flexible also—they have the ability to start quickly and adjust rapidly to changes in demand for electricity, thus enabling them to meet peak loads. But this also allows them to serve as reserve capacity and bring more stability to the power system overall.
The dams that provide hydroelectric power also have other uses such as navigation, flood damage reduction, water supply, recreation, irrigation and low flow augmentation but it’s not the purpose of this talk to go into those details.
How do the hydropower plants work? Well, a dam is built across a river which captures water to form a reservoir and raises the water level to create ’head’. Think of ’head’ as the vertical distance that the water falls as it passes through the dam, in other words, the difference in water level between the reservoir behind the dam and the river below. Water from the reservoir flows through an intake gate into a penstock—this is kind of a narrow channel which leads to the turbine below. The force of the water causes the turbine to rotate rapidly which, in turn, drives the generator to spin and produce electricity. The electricity is carried the long distances from the powerhouse to substations on the outskirts of cities via power lines.
Can you build a hydropower unit on any river? Well, no, just having water in a river isn’t enough. A good dam site must have enough stream flow as well as enough head. A fast flowing river on the plains is probably not suitable because a dam couldn’t be built high enough to provide the head needed for efficient production of electricity. On the other hand, dams in arid high country may have plenty of head but insufficient stream flow. The perfect spot for a hydropower plant is where the right combination of stream flow and head exists.
What about the environment? Surely the construction of large dams has an environmental impact? Well, yes it does. Certainly dams and reservoirs are built to improve the lives of people living in towns, farming communities and cities. But there must be a balance between development and preserving the natural environment. Needless to say, the natural river environment is changed which leads to changes in river ecology and aquatic habitat. Sometimes, for example, dissolved oxygen levels below dams get so low in summer that there is a negative impact on aquatic life. These levels can be improved, however, by using special aerating turbines and/or injecting oxygen directly into the stream flow. In order to protect and improve the habitat for endangered and other species of birds, fish and water life, there needs to be a thorough review of operating plans to see if a better balance can be achieved.
Hydropower plant design and operation must not only meet the needs of consumers for electricity but work hand-in-hand with agencies whose concern is for the fish and wildlife, water quality and water supply.
选项
答案
efficient
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3340805.html
相关试题推荐
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassagefore
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassagefore
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassagefore
Completethenotesbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANONEWORDfromthepassageforeach
Completethenotesbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANONEWORDfromthepassageforeach
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-E,below.Writethecorrectl
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-E,below.Writethecorrectl
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions22-26)andlistofbooks(A-E)below.Ma
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions22-26)andlistofbooks(A-E)below.Ma
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions22-26)andlistofbooks(A-E)below.Ma
随机试题
SuggestionsforYourWorkAnnieisa
What’sLarry’sJob?Heis______ontheGoldenGateBridge.[br][originaltext]
木结构中钢拉杆和拉力螺栓的直径,应按计算确定,但不宜小于()m。A.8 B
下列关于经营风险的说法错误的是()。A.高度关注购销双方的股东的变动情况
银翘散的组成药物除银花、连翘、荆芥穗、淡豆豉、牛蒡子外,其余的是A、竹叶、杏仁、
学完《羚羊木雕》后,教师为了帮助学生更好地理解“文章线索”这一要素,带领学生对学
某公司今年每股股息为0.5元,预期今后每股股息将以每年10%的速度稳定增长。当前
17世纪捷克教育家夸美纽斯在()中对班级授课制给予了系统的理论描述。 A.《教
以下内容属于处方后记的是 A.临床诊断及证型 B.药品金额 C.开具日期
如果房间面积为48m2,周长28m,灯具安装高度距地2.8m,工作面高度0.75
最新回复
(
0
)