首页
登录
职称英语
Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
游客
2024-01-06
41
管理
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Laughter
The nature of laughter
laughter is a 【L31】______process — involves movement and sound
it is controlled by our 【L32】______
Reasons for laughter
only 10% of laughter is caused by jokes/funny stories
may have begun as sign of 【L33】______after a dangerous situation
nowadays, may help to develop 【L34】______within a group
connected to 【L35】______(e.g. use of humour by politicians or bosses)
may be related to male / female differences(e.g. women laugh more at male speakers)
maybe used in a 【L36】______way to keep someone out of a group
Benefits of laughter
safe method for the 【L37】______...of emotions such as anger and sadness
provides good aerobic exercise
leads to drop in levels of stress-related 【L38】______
improves the 【L39】______
can stop 【L40】______and improve sleep [br] 【L36】
Good afternoon, everybody. And in our second talk on social psychology I want to look at the role of laughter in our lives—something that usually gets everyone smiling from the start.
So, first of all, I’ll start by looking at the actual nature of laughter. Well, when someone laughs you’ve got movement of the muscles of the face and the chest, and you’ve got sound formed when the air’s forced out of the body as part of this process, so we’re talking about a physical activity. But obviously other things are involved as well—and this is where it gets more complicated. Laughing isn’t something that you normally decide to do, so it’s not voluntary behaviour, like ordinary speech. Instead it’s regulated by our instincts—rather like the singing of a bird, or the roaring of a lion. And once you start to laugh, it can be quite hard to stop—that’s not always under your conscious control either.
But why do we laugh? Because we find something funny, most of us would say. But in fact it appears that laughter has little to do with jokes or funny stories—only about 10 percent of laughter is caused by things like that. One suggestion is that human laughter may have originally started out as a shared response to signal relief at the passing of danger. And it’s true that even these days, laughter’s rarely an activity carried out by an individual on his or her own. In fact, people are 30 times more likely to laugh when they’re with other people than when they’re completely alone. Laughter still seems to be a kind of social signal, it occurs when people are in a group and they’re comfortable with one another. And it seems likely that laughter can result in the creation of bonds between the people in the group.
And it’s precisely because of this social aspect of laughter that people like public speakers and politicians often try to get their audience to laugh. It encourages their listeners to trust them and to connect with them. But this kind of thing—controlling the laughter of a group, that is—indicates that there’s a link between laughter and power, and this is supported by several studies that indicate that bosses use humour more than their employees. And research has also shown that female listeners are likely to laugh much more if the speaker is male, so it appears that there are gender issues associated with how much we laugh.
I should also point out that laughter can be used as a negative signal as well as a positive one. I think we’ve all probably seen evidence of a group using laughter to exclude someone... to emphasise that they are not accepted. So it’s not always a positive type of behaviour, either. So what all this goes to show is that laughter is a very, very complex issue.
It does appear however that laughter has definite benefits. If we look first at the psychological aspects, we know that people often tend to store negative emotions, such as anger, sadness and fear, rather than expressing them, and it seems that laughter provides a harmless way for the release of these emotions. But there are also clear physical effects that have been monitored too. For example, laughter is good aerobic exercise. It speeds up heart rate and respiration, and raises blood pressure; one researcher suggests that 100 laughs a day is the equivalent of 10 minutes’ jogging.
Laughter also helps prevent the stress that so many people suffer from today, which results from the faster pace of life and all that goes with it. It does this by reducing the levels of hormones in the blood which are caused by stress. And, in addition, it is known to increase the levels of chemicals that protect the body from infection or pain and so it helps to boost the immune system. One interesting study showed that people who had had surgical operations asked for fewer pain killers if they’d been viewing comic films. In fact, research has even shown that the quality of dreams can be positively affected by laughter. A good laugh 10 minutes before going to sleep can prevent you from having bad dreams and give a much more pleasant and restorative night’s sleep. So, there’s now little argument that finding things funny and enjoying a good laugh is extremely beneficial to us all.
What we need to consider now are the ways in which laughter can be used as a treatment for people who...
选项
答案
negative
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3339631.html
相关试题推荐
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords/phrases,A-J,below.
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords/phrases,A-J,below.
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords/phrases,A-J,below.
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords/phrases,A-J,below.
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassagefor
Completethetablebelow.UseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.[i
Completethetablebelow.UseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.[i
Completethetablebelow.UseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.[i
Completethetablebelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromReadingPassage3f
Completethetablebelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromReadingPassage3f
随机试题
玉雕(jadecarving)是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。玉石历来被人们当作珍宝,在中国古代,玉被看作是美好品质和君子风范的象征。玉石加工雕琢成为精美的工艺品
[originaltext]M:Susan,Ineedyourhelpthisweekend.W:Whatisit,John?Ano
Mountingevidencehasledastronomerstojustanimprobableconclusion;At
(2018年)增值税一般纳税人登记办法规定,纳税人的年应税销售额超过标准时,应登
EPSP的产生是由于突触后膜提高了对下列哪些离子的通透性A.K+、Cl-,尤其
下列各项,属雌、孕激素协同作用的是()A.乳腺的发育 B.子宫平滑肌对缩
夏普比率、特雷诺比率、詹森α与CAPM模型之间的关系是( )。A.三种指数均以
男性,67岁,慢性肺心病史6年,因呼吸道感染原有症状、体征加重,因睡眠障碍服用镇
社会工作者老林与服务对象小王就求助的问题进行了交流和讨论。老林依据多年服务经验认
下列属于损益类科目的有()。A、制造费用 B、劳务成本 C、所得税费用 D
最新回复
(
0
)