首页
登录
职称英语
[img]2022m3x/ct_ve01202001m_eillist_0513_220329[/img] [br] [originaltext]In the
[img]2022m3x/ct_ve01202001m_eillist_0513_220329[/img] [br] [originaltext]In the
游客
2024-01-05
6
管理
问题
[br]
In the last few weeks, we’ve been looking at various aspects of the social history of London, and this morning we’re continuing with a look at life in the area called the East End. I’ll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the first half of the 20th century.
Back in the 1st to the 4th centuries AD, when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and what’s now the East End — the area by the river Thames, and along the road heading north-east from London to the coast — consisted of farmland with crops and livestock
which helped to feed that population.
The Romans left in 410, at the beginning of the 5th century, and from then onwards the country suffered a series of invasions by tribes from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, many of whom settled in the East End. The technology they introduced meant that
metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.
And as the East End was by the river, ships could transport goods between there and foreign markets.
In the 11th century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England, and during the next few centuries, London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. The East End benefited from this, and
because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself,
plenty of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants or money-lenders during the next few hundred years.
In the 16th century, the first dock was dug
where ships were constructed, eventually making the East End the focus of massive international trade.
And in the late sixteenth century,
when much of the rest of England was suffering economically,
a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.
In the 17th century, the East End was still a series of separate, semi-rural settlements. There was a shortage of accommodation, so [361marshland was drained and built on to house the large numbers of people now living there.
By the 19th century, London was the busiest port in the world, and this became the main source of employment in the East End. Those who could afford to live in pleasant surroundings moved out,
and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty
and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.
That brief outline takes us to the beginning of the 20th century, and now we’ll turn to housing.
At the beginning of the century, living conditions for the majority of working people in East London were very basic indeed. Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed.
It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike.
Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room.
Of course,
the smoke from these contributed a great deal to the air pollution for which London used to be famous.
A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts, and uncles.
Now, before I go on to health implications of this way of life, I’ll say something about food and nutrition.
选项
答案
air pollution
解析
本题询问烧煤产生的烟雾给伦敦造成了什么。录音原文中的contributed a deal to是题目gave rise to的同义替换,表示“导致,产生”,故空格处填入air polution。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3335622.html
相关试题推荐
[img]2011q1/ct_eilm_eillist_0031_20111[/img][originaltext]Presenter:Welcome
【1】[br]【8】[originaltext]Researcher:Goodmorning,sir.AreyouenjoyingtheP
【1】[br]【6】[originaltext]Researcher:Goodmorning,sir.AreyouenjoyingtheP
【1】[br]【4】[originaltext]Researcher:Goodmorning,sir.AreyouenjoyingtheP
【1】[br]【2】[originaltext]Researcher:Goodmorning,sir.AreyouenjoyingtheP
[originaltext]THOMAS:Wherehaveyoubeen,Nadia?NADIA:Browsinginthebooksh
[originaltext]THOMAS:Wherehaveyoubeen,Nadia?NADIA:Browsinginthebooksh
[originaltext]Hello.I’mJo(e)fromHealthServicesandI’mpleasedtobehere
[originaltext]Hello.I’mJo(e)fromHealthServicesandI’mpleasedtobehere
[originaltext]Hello.I’mJo(e)fromHealthServicesandI’mpleasedtobehere
随机试题
ISO9000:2000标准中,八项质量管理原则有()。A.领导作用 B
培训成本的核算方法有()。A.会计方法和统计方法 B.统计方法和资源需求模型
下列关于水泥凝结时间,叙述不正确的有()。A:硅酸盐水泥的终凝时间不得迟于6.
()根据新一轮融资发行的股数的比例、价格的不同,可能采取完全棘轮法或者加权平均
在实际现场检测过程中,以下哪一个是不容易进行暂态地电压检测的部位()。开
下列北京市城市治理新实践中,体现共建共治共享理念的有:A.探索在街区成立商户协会
下列选项中最符合所给图形规律的是: A.如上图所示 B.如上图所示 C.如
人身保险的基本险种有( )。A.人寿保险 B.人身意外伤害保险 C.工伤保
依据《环境影响评价法》,建设项目的环境影响报告书必须包括的内容是( )。A.环
关于土桩和灰土桩的说法,正确的有()。A.用于处理地下水位以下,深度5~15m
最新回复
(
0
)