首页
登录
职称英语
Organic Architecture One of the most striking pers
Organic Architecture One of the most striking pers
游客
2024-01-04
46
管理
问题
Organic Architecture
One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth century architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867- 1959). Wright attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison before moving to Chicago, where he eventually joined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create "architecture of democracy". Early influences were the volumetric shapes in a set of educational blocks the German educator Friedrich Froebel designed, the organic unity of a Japanese building Wright saw at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and a Jeffersonian belief in individualism and populism. Always a believer in architecture as "natural" and "organic", Wright saw it as serving free individuals who have the right to move within a free space, envisioned as a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural surroundings. He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright identified the principle of continuity as fundamental to understanding his view of organic unity: "Classic architecture was all fixations. Now why not let walls, ceilings, floors become seen as component parts of each other? This ideal, profound in its architectural implications I called continuity."
Wright manifested his vigorous originality early, and by 1900 he had arrived at a style and entirely started his own. In his work during the first decade of the twentieth century, his cross-axial plan and his fabric of continuous roof planes and screens defined a new domestic architecture.
Wright fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built between 1907 and 1909. Like other buildings in the Chicago area he designed at about the same time, this was called a prairie house. Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall limits, as reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the place great flatlands. Starting abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a facade, extended the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance. Wright filled the "wandering" plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (some large and open, others closed), grouped freely around a great central fireplace.A (He believed strongly in the hearth’s age-old domestic significance.) Wright designed enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to provide unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move through the interior space. These elements, together with the open ground plan, create a sense of space-inmotion inside and out. B He set masses and voids in equilibrium; the flow of interior space determined the exterior wall placement.C The exterior’s sharp angular planes meet at apparently odd angles, matching the complex play of interior solids, which function not as inert containing surfaces but as elements equivalent in role to the design’s spaces. D
The Robie House is a good example of Wright’s "naturalism", his adjusting of a building to its site. However, in this particular case, the confines of the city lot constrained the building-to-site relationship more than did the sites of some of Wright’s more expansive suburban and country homes. The Kaufmann House, nicknameed "Falling water" and designed as a weekend retreat at Bear Run near Pittsburgh is a start prime example of the latter. Perched on a rocky hillside over a small waterfall, this structure extends the Robie House’s blocky masses in all four directions. The contrast in textures between concrete, painted metal, and natural stones in its walls enliven its shapes, as does Wright’s use of full-length strip windows to create a stunning interweaving of interior and exterior space.
The implied message of Wright’s new architecture was space, not mass—a space designed to fit the patron’s life and enclosed and divided as required. Wright took special pains to meet his client’s requirements, often designing all the accessories of a house. In the late 1930s, he acted on a cherished dream to provide good architectural design for less prosperous people by adapting the ideas of his prairie house to plans for smaller, less expensive dwellings. The publication of Wright’s plans brought him a measure of fame in Europe, especially in Holland and Germany. The issuance in Berlin in 1910 of a portfolio of his work and an exhibition of his designs the following year stimulated younger architects to adopt some of his ideas about open plans. Some forty years before his career ended, his work was already of revolutionary significance. [br] According to paragraph 5, why didWright begin to build smaller versions of his prairie designs?
选项
A、To publish his plans in Europe.
B、To give the middle class a good design.
C、To help younger architects with their work.
D、To begin a revolution in architectture.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3334389.html
相关试题推荐
GeorgiaO’Keeffeisknownfor(hers)use(of)organic,abstract(forms)painted
(By)theendofthenineteenthcentury,organicchemistryhad(develop)new(met
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
"OrganicArchitecture"Oneofthemoststrikingpers
"OrganicArchitecture"Oneofthemoststrikingpers
"OrganicArchitecture"Oneofthemoststrikingpers
随机试题
Whenpeoplesearchonline,theyleaveatrailthatremainsstoredonthecentral
TheEuropeanUnionhadapprovedanumberofgeneticallymodifiedcropsuntil
治疗晚期产后出血血瘀型的主方是A.血府逐瘀汤 B.少腹逐瘀汤 C.生化汤
茶文化在我国有悠久的历史。“东方美人”是台湾苗栗出产的一种名茶,它由当地客家人种
项目质量控制体系是()的质量控制工作体系。A、永久性 B、一次性 C、重
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
在WindowsXP中,为保护文件不被修改,可将它的属性设置为()。A.只读
关于口腔预防医学,以下说法错误的是A.要求政府的支持和投入、社会的关注和个人的参
投资项目决策分析与评价的基本要求包括贯彻落实科学发展观、资料数据准确可靠和()
有1mol氧气(O2)和1mol氦气(He),均视为理想气体,它们分别从同一状态
最新回复
(
0
)