首页
登录
职称英语
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_06
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_06
游客
2024-01-04
37
管理
问题
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture
[br] Why does the speaker say this:
In New England today, around eighty houses that were built in the seventeenth century are still standing. Many of these houses—and the documents relating to them—have been thoroughly studied, and some of the houses have been carefully restored to their original condition. These early houses of New England are the greatest single source of knowledge about domestic architecture of the seventeenth century, particularly about details of plan and construction.
All seventeenth-century houses were not alike. There was some variety in their floor plans, with each house being shaped by the circumstances of the family and the characteristics of the site. Nevertheless, it’s possible to identify the three most common plan types, which were the one-room plan, the two- room plan, and the added lean-to plan. We can even figure out the order in which they probably evolved.
The one-room plan was the simplest and the earliest design. It was used in the early cottages at Plymouth and Salem, dating back to the 1620s, and it remained common in smaller and poorer dwellings throughout the century. In the one-room plan, the front door opened into a small entry room, which was then called the "porch." In the porch, there was a steep staircase built up against a massive chimney. The large main room was a combination living-dining-cooking room called the "hall." In this room, there was a huge fireplace set into the chimney mass. The staircase in the porch led to one large sleeping room upstairs.
The second house design was the two-room plan, which was simply the one-room plan with a parlor added at the other side of the chimney and porch. The result was a house with two fireplaces, one in the hall and one in the parlor, that were set back-to-back in the central chimney structure. In several earlier examples of this design, the parlor was actually built onto an older one-room house, enlarging the smaller house. But more common in later examples, both rooms were built at the same time when families could afford it. Upstairs, there were two sleeping rooms, called the "hall chamber" and the "parlor chamber," after the room below each.
The third design, the added lean-to plan, was the result of an addition at the back of the house, making this the largest of the three plans. The lean-to addition had roof rafters leaning against the second-story wall of the main house. The added space was used as a kitchen. The cooking was done in a fireplace added to the back of the central chimney structure. There were two more rooms built on either side of the kitchen. On the cold side of the kitchen, there was a pantry for food storage, and on the warm side, facing the sun on the south, there was a bedroom. Above the kitchen, under the lean-to roof, there was attic space for storage or more sleeping rooms, which you reached by a staircase leading up from the kitchen.
These three house plans form a logical evolutionary sequence. The one room plan was the earliest design. Then the two-room plan was most common up until around 1650. By the year 1700, the lean-to plan was dominant. However, it’s important to note that the one-room plan—although it came earliest—continued to be built throughout the seventeenth century. So, it’s best not to try to determine the age of a colonial house strictly by its plan type, which is not a perfect indicator of the house’s age.
According to the speaker, why are seventeenth-century houses significant to architectural historians?
选项
A、Because only a few seventeenth-century houses have been studied
B、Because the earliest house plan continues to be built today
C、Because documents about colonial houses are difficult to read
D、Because plan type may not reveal exactly when a house was built
答案
D
解析
Why does the speaker say this:
"However, it’s important to note that the one-room plan— although it came earliest—continued to be built throughout the seventeenth century. So, it’s best not to try to determine the age of a colonial house strictly by its plan type, which is not a perfect indicator of the house’s age."
The speaker makes the statement because plan type may not reveal exactly when a house was built. He says that plan type is not a perfect indicator of the house’s age. Since the one-room plan continued to be built throughout the seventeenth century, one cannot use plan type alone to determine exactly when a one-room house was built. (2.3)
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3333349.html
相关试题推荐
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
HistoryofRefrigerationRef
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
PVcells[br]Ground-sourceheatpumpsA、arenotyetavailablefordomesticuse.
[img]2012q1/ct_eilm_eillist_0031_20121[/img][br][originaltext]ADVISOR:Isthe
随机试题
[audioFiles]2014m8s/audio_ezfj_011_20144[/audioFiles]Dinin
[audioFiles]2017m5x/audio_ezfj_018_170517[/audioFiles]ChristmasCandlesFra
EdgarPoe,anAmericanwriter,wasbornin1809.Hisparentswereactors.Ed
以下不属于营业性演出的是()A.公开售票的演出 B.企业包场的演出 C
在一起共同犯罪案件中,主犯王某被判处有期徒刑15年,剥夺政治权利3年,并处没收个
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
毛泽东指出:“只有认清中国社会的性质,才能认清中国革命的对象、中国革命的任务、中
某钨矿开采企业甲(增值税一般纳税人)将销售钨矿选矿取得不含税销售额300000
清单一经报出,即被认为是包括了所有应该发生的措施项目的()费用。 A.
人体在交感神经兴奋时,尿量减少的主要原因是A、肾小球毛细血管血压下降 B、血浆
最新回复
(
0
)