首页
登录
职称英语
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_06
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_06
游客
2024-01-04
62
管理
问题
Architecture History of Domestic Architecture
[br] Identify the kitchen in the floor diagram of the added lean-to plan.
In New England today, around eighty houses that were built in the seventeenth century are still standing. Many of these houses—and the documents relating to them—have been thoroughly studied, and some of the houses have been carefully restored to their original condition. These early houses of New England are the greatest single source of knowledge about domestic architecture of the seventeenth century, particularly about details of plan and construction.
All seventeenth-century houses were not alike. There was some variety in their floor plans, with each house being shaped by the circumstances of the family and the characteristics of the site. Nevertheless, it’s possible to identify the three most common plan types, which were the one-room plan, the two- room plan, and the added lean-to plan. We can even figure out the order in which they probably evolved.
The one-room plan was the simplest and the earliest design. It was used in the early cottages at Plymouth and Salem, dating back to the 1620s, and it remained common in smaller and poorer dwellings throughout the century. In the one-room plan, the front door opened into a small entry room, which was then called the "porch." In the porch, there was a steep staircase built up against a massive chimney. The large main room was a combination living-dining-cooking room called the "hall." In this room, there was a huge fireplace set into the chimney mass. The staircase in the porch led to one large sleeping room upstairs.
The second house design was the two-room plan, which was simply the one-room plan with a parlor added at the other side of the chimney and porch. The result was a house with two fireplaces, one in the hall and one in the parlor, that were set back-to-back in the central chimney structure. In several earlier examples of this design, the parlor was actually built onto an older one-room house, enlarging the smaller house. But more common in later examples, both rooms were built at the same time when families could afford it. Upstairs, there were two sleeping rooms, called the "hall chamber" and the "parlor chamber," after the room below each.
The third design, the added lean-to plan, was the result of an addition at the back of the house, making this the largest of the three plans. The lean-to addition had roof rafters leaning against the second-story wall of the main house. The added space was used as a kitchen. The cooking was done in a fireplace added to the back of the central chimney structure. There were two more rooms built on either side of the kitchen. On the cold side of the kitchen, there was a pantry for food storage, and on the warm side, facing the sun on the south, there was a bedroom. Above the kitchen, under the lean-to roof, there was attic space for storage or more sleeping rooms, which you reached by a staircase leading up from the kitchen.
These three house plans form a logical evolutionary sequence. The one room plan was the earliest design. Then the two-room plan was most common up until around 1650. By the year 1700, the lean-to plan was dominant. However, it’s important to note that the one-room plan—although it came earliest—continued to be built throughout the seventeenth century. So, it’s best not to try to determine the age of a colonial house strictly by its plan type, which is not a perfect indicator of the house’s age.
According to the speaker, why are seventeenth-century houses significant to architectural historians?
选项
A、
B、
C、
D、
答案
A
解析
The speaker says The added space was used as a kitchen. The cooking was done in a fireplace added to the back of the central chimney structure. (2.2)
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3333347.html
相关试题推荐
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadapt
HistoryofRefrigerationRef
HistoryofRefrigerationRef
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
Thestartoftheautomobile’shistorywentallthewaybackto1769whenaut
PVcells[br]Ground-sourceheatpumpsA、arenotyetavailablefordomesticuse.
[img]2012q1/ct_eilm_eillist_0031_20121[/img][br][originaltext]ADVISOR:Isthe
随机试题
Havingfinishedtheletter,he()itcarefullyandsealedtheenvelopwithakiss
Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupp
接过名片后首先要注意的礼节是()。A.拜读对方名片 B.仔细审查对方名片
恶性肿瘤病人放疗期间血小板降至80×10/L时,首先应A.暂停放疗 B.加强营
患者男性,58岁。患者半年前登山时出现心前区疼痛,为压迫样,持续1~2分钟并向左
在PowerPoint中,为了让笑脸按照如图所示的路径运动,应采用的方法是(
关于心绞痛发作时的处理方法,不妥的是A.立即舌下含服硝酸甘油 B.可间隔含服3
治疗久泻,不宜过用A.分利 B.健脾 C.补肾 D.升提 E.固涩
A.具酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性 B.具蛋白激酶C活性 C.使α亚基与效应蛋白解离
最常见的子宫肌瘤变性是A.囊性变 B.玻璃样变 C.红色变 D.肉瘤变
最新回复
(
0
)