Narrator Listen to part of a talk in an environmental science class.

游客2024-01-03  20

问题     Narrator
    Listen to part of a talk in an environmental science class.
    Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. [br] What can be inferred from this?
How much can you say about air pollutant? At first let’s have a look at a useful definition of it. A pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere, and in such quantities to adversely affect humans, animals, vegetations or materials. On the other hand air pollution has a very flexible definition that allows continuous change. When the first air pollution law was established in England in the 14th century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled, which is very different from the list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of health aspects has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future even water vapor might be thought of as an air pollutant under certain conditions.
    Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. Perhaps in your daily life you can’t feel them clearly since they don’t make up a big percentage of the air. Before we have learnt something about the properties of the above substances, let’s have a look at their historical development. As the earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions and become biogeochemical components, and then they serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature’s output of these compounds dwarfs those resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.
    In these localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of cycles. The result is an increased concentration of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the concentration tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million, often shortened to ppm, which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

选项 A、Sometimes natural air pollutants can purify air.
B、Natural air pollutants are harmful to people.
C、There are some chemical reactions in the air.
D、Air pollutants move from air to water or soil.

答案 A

解析 本题为语用理解题中的推论题。题目问:根据这一段所听到的,能得出什么推论?这一段提到:“当地球发生进化时,这些污染物的浓度就已被各种各样的化学反应所改变,成为生物的化学成分,然后化合物从空气中转移到水和土壤中,形成净化空气系统”,由此推出A项为正确答案。
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