NarratorListen to part of a lecture in a sociology class.Now get ready to answ

游客2024-01-03  22

问题 Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. [br] What is the exact meaning of ageism?
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class.
Professor
OK, uh let’s um, let’s start. Last time we touched a bit about American society. American society has been described as maintaining a stereotypical and often negative perception of older adults. This negative and/or stereotypical perception of aging and aged individuals is readily apparent in such areas as language, media, and humor. For example, such commonly used phrases as "over,the hill" and "don’t be an old fuddy-duddy" denote old age as a period of impotency and incompetency. The term used to describe this stereotypical and often negative bias against older adults is, ageism.
    OK, ageism can be defined as...um...as "any action, or institutional structure which demeans a person or group because of age or any assignment of roles in society purely on the basis of age". As an "ism", ageism reflects a prejudice in society against older adults.
    Ageism, however, is different from other "ism"(sexism, racism etc.), for primarily two reasons. First, age classification is not static. An individual’s age classification changes as one progress through the life cycle. Thus...uh, age classification is characterized by continual change, while the other classification systems traditionally used by society such as race and gender remain constant. Second, um...no one is exempt from, at some point, achieving the status of old, and therefore, unless they die at an early age, experiencing ageism. The later is an important distinction as ageism can thus affect the individual on two levels. First, the individual may be ageist with respect to others. That is she/he may stereotype other people on the basis of age. Second, the individual may be ageist with respect to self. Thus, ageist attitudes may affect the self-concept.
    Much research has been conducted concerning ageism. However, the empirical evidence is inconclusive. Some research demonstrates the existence of ageist attitudes, and other research does not. This discrepancy is most likely the result of methodological differences and, in particular, methodological errors. A brief discussion of the major methodological errors or problems found in ageism research may be helpful in clarifying this point.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
29. What is the exact meaning of ageism?
30. What does the phrase "over the hill" denote?
31. Ageism is different from other "ism"s, because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that______.
32. According to the passage, why is age classification changeable?
33. No one is exempt from achieving the status of old at some point. What will affect the individual?
34. Why does the professor say this?
Professor
A brief discussion of the major methodological errors or problems found in ageism research may be helpful in clarifying this point.

选项 A、A negative period of impotency and incompetency.
B、A negative and/or stereotypical perception of older adults.
C、A definition of stereotypical and often negative attitudes.
D、A denotation against the negative bias of older adults.

答案 B

解析 本题为细节题,考查考生是否听懂讲座中提到的细节或事实。题目问:老龄歧视的确切含义是什么?由第一段关键句“American society has been described as maintaining astercotypic and often negative perception of older adults(美国社会被形容为一个对老人持世故态度或通常为否定观点的社会)”可知,正确答案为选项B。
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