首页
登录
职称英语
Hudson River SchoolThe Hudson River School encompasses
Hudson River SchoolThe Hudson River School encompasses
游客
2024-01-03
8
管理
问题
Hudson River School
The Hudson River School
encompasses
two generations of painters inspired by Thomas Cole’s awesomely Romantic images of America’s wilderness in the Hudson River Valley and also in the newly opened West. The Hudson River painters, the first coherent school of American art, helped to shape the themes of the American landscape. Beginning with the works of Thomas Cole(1801— 1848)and Asher B. Durand(1796- 1886)and evolving into the Luminist and late Romantic schools, landscape painting was the prevalent genre of 19th century American art.
With roots in European Romanticism and with correspondences to European painters, the Hudson River painters, nonetheless, set about to heed Emerson’s call "to ignore the courtly Muses of Europe" and define a distinct vision for American art. The artists translated these ideas into an aesthetic that was sweeping and spontaneous. Like the vast nation that lay before them, which they celebrated with a sense of awe for its majestic natural resources and a feeling of optimism for the huge potential it held, the Hudson River painters depicted a New World wilderness in which man, though minuscule as he was beside the vastness of creation, nevertheless retained that divine spark that completed the circle of harmony. Wilderness was something that Europe no longer possessed -it was uniquely American. These artists painted grandiose and detailed scenery of the Hudson Valley and New England filled with awe and optimism often combined with a moral message.
As Thomas Cole maintained, if nature were untouched by the hand of man—as was much of the primeval American landscape in the early 19th century- then man could become more easily acquainted with the hand of God. Sharing the philosophy of the American Transcendentalists that painting should become a vehicle through which the universal mind could reach the mind of mankind, the Hudson River painters believed art to be an agent of moral and spiritual transformation.
The impetus to celebrate the glories of the Hudson Valley began before Thomas Cole, but it was Cole with his literary and dramatic instincts and his years of European study who made the most coherent and articulated case for a new art for a new land. He did much to revolutionize not only the styles and themes of American painting, but the methods. Cole sketched from nature, frequently dramatic scenes in the Catskills or White Mountains, and then returned to his studio to compose his large scale canvasses, alive with tactile brushwork and atmospheric lighting that seemed to breathe.
The influence of the Hudson River School was carried into the mid-19th century by artists like John Frederick Kensett and Martin Johnson Heade, who came to be known as Luminists because of their experiments with the effects of light on water and sky, and by Frederic Edwin Church. Church, who based himself in his panoramic home in the Catskills at Olana, sought more extensive horizons for his canvasses. Like Walt Whitman he tried to contain multitudes. He traveled the globe, painting scenery from the Hudson Valley to the American West to the Andes, Amazon, and Arctic, and he laid the foundation for the post-Civil War generation of landscape painters.
A painting which has become a virtual
emblem
for the Hudson River School is KINDRED SPIRITS by Asher B. Durand, which hangs in New York City’s Public Library. In it Durand depicts himself, together with Cole, on a rocky promontory in serene contemplation of the scene before them: the gorge with its running stream, the gossamer Catskill mists shimmering in a palette of subtle colors, framed by foliage.(A)
In the foreground stands one of the school’s famous symbols—a broken tree stump—what Cole called a "memento mori" or reminder that life is fragile and impermanent;(B)
only Nature and the Divine within the Human Soul are eternal.(C)
As Cole and Durand firmly believed, if the American landscape was a new Garden of Eden, then it was they, as artists, who kept the keys of entry.(D)
[br] The word
encompasses
in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、separates
B、includes
C、replaces
D、enhances
答案
B
解析
本题为词汇题,主要考查考生根据上下文对单词encompass的理解。该词所在的句子表达的主要意思是:哈得逊河学派主要包括了两代画家。由此可推断出该词的意思应为include。根据旧托福的出题规律,数字前搭配使用的动词通常为表示“包括”这一意义的动词。新托福阅读题基本脱胎于旧托福阅读题,所以该题型出题的理念并没有太大变化。而其他选项A(分开)、C(代替)、D(提高)均没有“包括”的意思,因此选择B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3330566.html
相关试题推荐
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.[br]Americanboysdropoutofschoolata
WhichTWOcoursesdoesthesummerschooloffer?Apreparationcoursesforgradu
ElementaryschoolsintheUnitedstatesprovideformaleducation______arithmet
The“confederationschool”poetsofnineteenth-centuryCanadawereprimarilynat
BEHAVIORISMBehaviorismisaschoolofpsychology
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompasses
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompasses
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompasses
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompasses
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompasses
随机试题
[originaltext]I’msurealmosteveryoneofyoulookedatyourwatchorata
Americanshavelongpridedthemselvesasbeingpartofanoptimisticsociety
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest
项目沟通系统中,对项目沟通效果起关键作用的是()A.项目发起人 B.高级管理
在洛氏硬度为60±2的钢钻上,回弹仪的率定值应为70。()
已知甲方案投资收益率的期望值为15%,乙方案投资收益率的期望值为12%,两个方案
作十二指肠引流液检查时,若胆囊液(B胆汁)流出增多,可见于A:胆总管上段梗阻B
下列药物中化学稳定性最差的麻醉药是A、地塞米松二甲亚砜液(氟万) B、盐酸氯胺
翼颌间隙感染一般不会累及A.颞下间隙 B.咬肌间隙 C.眶下间隙 D.咽旁
会计学专业包括()。A:会计电算化B:审计学C:财务管理学D:会计学
最新回复
(
0
)