首页
登录
职称英语
Mass Production: Method and ImpactP1: Even with the early successes in Europe,
Mass Production: Method and ImpactP1: Even with the early successes in Europe,
游客
2024-01-03
20
管理
问题
Mass Production: Method and Impact
P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread adoption of mass production to trailblazers in the United States. With its abundant water power, coal, and raw materials but shortage of workers, America was the ideal place for building skill into machinery. The technological and managerial innovations of Thomas Edison (the father of modern day electrical devices) and the industrial leaders Andrew Carnegie (iron and steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil) proved readily adaptable throughout United States industry, spurring marvels of productivity. Late-nineteenth-century industrialists often discovered that their factories produced more goods than the market could absorb. From the start, American leaders attempted to mechanize production of barrels, nails, and other goods, and then other applications of mass production were backed by the War Department which resulted in industrial growth. Not surprisingly, these industrialists were pioneers in developing advertising and marketing techniques. Strategies for stimulating consumer demand and for differentiating one product from another were an essential component of the American post-Civil War industrial transformation.
P2: The growth of the flour industry illustrates both the spread of mass production and the emergence of new marketing concepts. During the 1800s, millions of Europeans made the New World their new homeland, and brought the most advanced European manufacturing technologies to America. Thanks to the tireless work of these "always-on" machines, production surpluses were a regular occurance. To sell the excess, the mills put forward new product lines, such as cake flours and breakfast cereals, and sold them using easy-to-remember brand names.
P3: Through marketing strategies like brand names, trademarks, and slogans, manufacturers encouraged demand for their products and won remarkable consumer loyalty. Large numbers of Americans bought a brand of soap first made in 1897 in Cincinnati, Ohio, because of the overly precise but impressive pledge that it was "99 and 44/100ths percent pure". In the field of photography, "You press the button, we do the rest" was a popular advertising slogan created by George Eastman in 1888 for his Kodak camera. He wanted to simplify photography and make it available to everyone, not just confined to trained photographers. Eastman announced the invention of photographic film in rolls. Pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures, the Kodak camera could easily be carried and moved during its operation. After the film was exposed , the whole camera was returned to the Kodak company where the film was developed, prints were made, new photographic film was inserted, and then the camera and prints were returned to the customer.
P4: By 1900, the chaos of early industrial competition, when thousands of small companies had struggled to enter a national market, had given way to an economy dominated by a few enormous enterprises. The cost was high, too, for millions of American workers, immigrant and native-born alike. The new industrial order was built on the backs of an army of laborers who were paid subsistence wages and who could be fired at a moment’s notice when hard times or new technologies made them expendable. Moreover, industrialization often devastated the environment with pollution in the relentless drive for efficiency and profit.
P5: In practice, this industrial revolution brought social benefits as well, in the form of labor-saving products, lower prices, and advances in transportation and communications. Mass production permitted great increases in total production and allowed the evolution of consumerism by lowering the unit cost of many goods used. Using a European crafting system into the late 19th century, it was difficult to meet demand for products such as sewing machines and animal powered mechanical harvesters. By the late 1920s many previously scarce goods were in healthy supply. At the same time, industrialization encouraged greedy entrepreneurs to operate factories in which the poor worked long hours in unhealthy conditions with pitifully low wages.
P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread adoption of mass production to trailblazers in the United States. With its abundant water power, coal, and raw materials but shortage of workers, America was the ideal place for building skill into machinery. The technological and managerial innovations of Thomas Edison (the father of modern day electrical devices) and the industrial leaders Andrew Carnegie (iron and steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil) proved readily adaptable throughout United States industry, spurring marvels of productivity. ■ Late-nineteenth-century industrialists often discovered that their factories produced more goods than the market could absorb. ■ From the start, American leaders attempted to mechanize production of barrels, nails, and other goods, and then other applications of mass production were backed by the War Department which resulted in industrial growth. ■ Not surprisingly, these industrialists were pioneers in developing advertising and marketing techniques. ■ Strategies for stimulating consumer demand and for differentiating one product from another were an essential component of the American post-Civil War industrial transformation. [br] According to paragraph 1, all of the following contributed to the industrial transformation in the post-Civil War United States EXCEPT
选项
A、a greater variety of consumer products
B、new technological and managerial methods
C、mass production of goods
D、development of advertising and marketing techniques
答案
A
解析
【否定事实信息题】第一段提到了Thomas Edison、Andrew Camegie、John D.Rockefeller的技术和管理创新给生产力带来了奇迹般的发展:美国领导人试图机械化生产桶、钉子和其他商品;发展广告和营销技术的先驱。A选项未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3328890.html
相关试题推荐
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.[br]Whatkindofresearchmethoddoesthe
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.[br]Whatistheprimarymethodforincrea
Whattaskhasbeendistributedtoeachperson?TasksAAcknowledgementBMethod
Whattaskhasbeendistributedtoeachperson?TasksAAcknowledgementBMethod
Whattaskhasbeendistributedtoeachperson?TasksAAcknowledgementBMethod
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedthewe
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedthewe
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedthewe
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedthewe
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedthewe
随机试题
Anewdirection,resultingfromchangingvaluesandlifestyles,istheinc
水库淹没处理范围除直接淹没区以外,还包括以下哪些选项的影响区?( )A.浸没
患者男性,42岁。乙型肝炎病史十余年,近来右上腹不适,腹胀。超声表现右叶缩小,左
新课程改革以来,针对原有化学课程与教学存在的问题。许多专家学者都提出中学化学的教
幼儿园小班上计算课,作业内容是手口一致地点数“2”。老师讲完后,带小朋友一起练习
案例一(5): 求助者:几个月了一直烦躁担忧。本以为母亲去世后我会慢慢恢复过来
关于眼用制剂的说法,错误的是A.滴眼液应与泪液等渗 B.混悬型滴眼液用前需充分
(2016年真题)下列指标中,能够反映资产风险的有( )。A.方差 B.标准
根据不同风险水平的风险控制措施计划表,对于“重大”的风险,宜采取的措施是(
制造业企业出租固定资产所取得的收入属于()。A:主营业务收入B:其他业务收入
最新回复
(
0
)