首页
登录
职称英语
Navigation Acts of Colonial AmericaP1: Throughout the colonial period, after th
Navigation Acts of Colonial AmericaP1: Throughout the colonial period, after th
游客
2024-01-03
23
管理
问题
Navigation Acts of Colonial America
P1: Throughout the colonial period, after the middle of the seventeenth century, the one great source of irritation between the mother country and her colonies was found in a number of laws, called the Navigation Acts. For example, the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 forbade the importing into or the exporting from the British colonies of any goods except in English or colonial ships and it forbade certain enumerated articles— tobacco, sugar, cotton, wool, dyeing woods, etc.—to be shipped to any country, except to England or an English plantation. Similarly, the Molasses Act of 1733 placed a prohibitive duty—sixpence per gallon—on the importation of sugar from non-English colonies, forcing the American rum distillers to buy more costly sugar from the British West Indies. This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expense of their French rivals.
P2: The British Parliament enacted such mechanisms as protectionist trade barriers,governmental regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries for the purpose of augmenting British finances at the expense of colonial territories and other European imperial powers. But these policies ensured Great Britain’s rise as Europe’s foremost shipping nation, and in one respect greatly stimulated American industry, laying the foundations for an American shipbuilding industry and merchant marine. The shipbuilding industry in the colonies first came as an outgrowth of the British industry and then as its own entity. The swift expansion of colonial shipping in turn accelerated urbanization by creating a need for centralized docks, warehouses, and repair shops in the colonies. By 1770, Philadelphia and New York City had emerged as two of the British Empire’s busiest ports.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco,even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both.
P4: Another impact the navigation system had on the colonies was to encourage economic diversification. Parliament used British tax revenues to pay modest incentives to Anglo-Americans producing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, and it imposed protective tariffs on items from other commercial rivals. The trade laws did in large-scale prohibit Anglo-Americans from competing with British manufacturing for certain products, most notably clothing. However, colonial tailors, hatters, and other small clothes manufacturers could continue to make any item of dress in their households or small shops. Manufactured by low-paid labor, British clothing imports generally undersold whatever the colonists could have produced and exported.
P5: The Navigation Acts succeeded in making the colonies a protected market for low-priced exports from Britain. Steady overseas demand for colonial products spawned a prosperity that enabled colonists to consume ever larger amounts of goods—not only clothing, but dishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced in Britain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere. Consequently, the share of British exports sold to the colonies rapidly increased, which made Britain itself the wealthiest nation in Europe and the Atlantic world while resulting in a "consumer revolution" in British America.
P3: In addition to restrictions on the trade between colonies and non-English parties, England also specified certain products that could be sold only to British merchants. Included in the list of enumerated goods were products most generally considered to England’s wealth and power: sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and later furs and iron. ■ Parliament never restricted grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which altogether made up 60 percent of American colonial exports. ■ The Act further reduced the burden on exporters of tobacco and rice—the chief mainland commodities affected—with two significant concessions. ■ First, Parliament gave tobacco growers a monopoly over the British market by excluding foreign tobacco, even though this hurt British consumers as rice planters enjoyed a natural monopoly because they had no competitors. Second, by refunding the duties on all tobacco and rice that the colonists later shipped to other countries, Parliament minimized the added cost of land used for tobacco and rice in Britain, where customs officials collected duties on both. ■ [br] The word "significant" in the passage is closest in meaning to
选项
A、problematic
B、considerable
C、minor
D、temporary
答案
B
解析
【词汇题】significant此处意为“因重大而重要”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3328880.html
相关试题推荐
Whichaspectofcolonialprintingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?[br]Allof
Whichaspectofcolonialprintingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?[br]Thewo
Whichaspectofcolonialprintingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?[br]Thewo
Whichaspectofcolonialprintingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?[br]Accord
Throughouthistory______differentrepresentationsfornumbersandforthebasi
AshecollectedfossilsfromstratathroughoutEngland,Smithbegantoseet
NavigationActsofColonialAmericaP1:Throughoutthecolonialperiod,afterth
NavigationActsofColonialAmericaP1:Throughoutthecolonialperiod,afterth
NavigationActsofColonialAmericaP1:Throughoutthecolonialperiod,afterth
NavigationActsofColonialAmericaP1:Throughoutthecolonialperiod,afterth
随机试题
[originaltext]M:I’dlovetoreadadifferentstyleofthenovelforachange.
无论是正确的意识还是错误的意识都能从客观存在中找到原形,这是( )。A.唯心主
半径为a的圆线圈置于磁感强度为的均匀磁场中,线圈平面与磁场方向垂直,线圈电阻为R
施工质量缺陷原因分析应针对影响施工质量的几大因素,这些因素有()。A.人的因素
沥青混合料施工检测项目主要有()。A.沥青含量 B.矿料级配 C.稳定
图中的文字与哪个历史人物所处时期最为接近? A.武则天 B.王昭君 C.西
某单位组织参加理论学习的党员和入党积极分子进行分组讨论,如果每组分配7名党员和3
观念广告是通过提倡或灌输某种观念和意见,试图引导或转变公众的看法,影响公众的态度
保证合同不能为()。A.书面形式 B.口头承诺 C.信函、传真 D.主合同
X线胸片示有空洞形成,同侧或对侧肺野有斑片状或索条状阴影,常见于A.肺癌 B.
最新回复
(
0
)