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  3. You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic

You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic

游客2024-01-02  14
问题 You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Bergmann’s Rule
Bergmann’s rule is an ecological principle related to geography. It states that when a genus of animals is widely distributed, the larger members are found in colder climates and the smaller ones in warmer climates. Research also indicates that the rule holds true even for widely distributed species. The rule is named after Carl Bergmann, the 19th-century German biologist who first described the pattern in 1847. The rule is most often applied to warm-blooded animals and birds, but there is evidence for it among some cold-blooded species such as ants. While the rule generally applies, there are important exceptions among both animals and birds.
Now hear a talk on the same subject.
Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the lecture is related to the reading passage.
Bergmann’s rule is one of those things that’s just so obvious that no one thought of actually writing it down till about 150 years ago. It’s true though, if the same animal is found in both cold and warm climates, the warm climate examples will be smaller. Usually, that is.
For example, take the English sparrow, a.k.a. House Sparrow. "Passer domesticus", to give the scientific name. They’re the most widely distributed wild bird species in the world, found on every continent where you find people. They are not native, however, to the Americas or to Australia. They were brought to those places either by accident or by design, depending on which books you read.
Here’s where it gets interesting. In North Africa, where it’s hot of course, the birds are at their smallest. But here in Canada, the birds are markedly larger. And Canada is, as I’m sure you’ve noticed, a cold place most of the year. Big sparrows? Well, I admit the difference might not look that great. In Africa, they average 0.9 ounces. In Ontario, nearly 1.25 ounces. But, hey, that’s a variation of 25%. In biology that’s one big difference!
You might be asking about why larger species are found in cold settings. Let’s talk about the reasons for that, shall we?
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答案 The lecture is about an academic concept called Bergmann’s rule.
This is a rule in biology which states that the same type of animals will usually be larger in colder climates and smaller in warm.
The lecture illustrates this by presenting the example of the House Sparrow. The birds are found on every inhabited continent. But, as the professor notes, the specimens in hot North Africa are quite small: those in cold Canada are larger. That great a difference is significant and it indicates Bergmann’s rule holds true for sparrows. By implication, it applies equally to most other species.
解析     Bergmann’s Rule伯格曼氏定律。其定义是：Bergmann’s rule is an ecological principle related to geography．模版：The reading is about an academic concept called…将标题跟定义带入模版，即是对阅读文章的复述。
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