2. 职称英语
  3. 由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是， 50年的发展已

由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是， 50年的发展已

游客2024-01-02  20
问题     由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是， 50年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。
选项
答案     Tibet, located on the "Roof of the World", is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatly changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan people’s living standards have greatly improved. Social and economic development has enriched the people’s material and cultural life remarkably. In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty, and had enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life. Along with the improvement in the people’s livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses. Some have even bought automobiles. Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country. Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modem information transmission means are now part of daily life in Tibet. News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. The Tibetan people’s health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently.
解析 1．由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。
    Tibet，located on the“Roof of the World”，is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom．
    [分析] 理解表达采分点。
    本句采用的是并句技巧，把汉语中的四个语言单位合译成英语的一个句子；汉译英时注意利用分词、介词、连词、不定式、从句和独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。另外将“世界屋脊”译成the“Roof of the World”。
2．2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty， and had enough to eat and wear．Some of them began to live a better-off life．
    [分析] 用词选词采分点。
    “各族人民”应泽为：various ethnic groups
    “摆脱贫困，实现温饱”应译为：shook off poverty，and had enough to eat and wear
    “生活达到了小康水平”应译为：live a better-off life
3．西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。
    Currently，Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country．
    [分析] 用词选词采分点。
    “处于……首位”应译为：rank first
    “人均居住面积”应译为：per-capita housing
4．绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV．
    [分析] 理解表达采分点。
    本句采用的是井句技巧，把汉语中的两个语言单位合译成英语的一个句子：
    此外汉译英时语序作了调整：因为汉语是主题显著的语言，它所突出的是主
    题而不是主语：而英语是主语显著的语言，它所突出的是主语：汉语中常用
    “人”作主语(本句中是“百姓”)，而汉译英时，常选取句子中应突出的被
    阐述的对象作为主语，本句选取了news作主语：其一，“新闻”在原文中是非常重要的信息，在译文中应突出，其二，用news作主语可以使后面的谓语部分及其他部分的行文更为洗炼、简洁，也更符合英语的表达习惯。
5．当地百姓能够通过电话、电报。传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone，telegram，fax or the Internet.
    [分析] 理解表达采分点。
    本句的翻译还是要注意语序问题；状语在汉语中习惯放在主语之后、谓语之前(见本句原文)，但有时为了强调，也可将状语置于主语之前，英语中状语的位置则富于变化，但较长的状语则往往放在句首或句末(见本句译文)。因此，译文中的结构是主谓宾状，其中谓语是obtain information 和 make contacts；状语是from(telephone，telegram, fax or the Internet)and…with other parts of the country and the world through telephone，telegram, fax or the Internet。
6．由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。The Tibetan people’s health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally．The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently．
    [分析] 用词选词采分点。
    “缺医少药状况”译为：the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine“人均预期寿命”译为：the average life expectancy
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