Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

游客2023-12-31  31

问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C15】

选项 A、than
B、that
C、which
D、as

答案 A

解析 空格的前文是一个主干结构完整的句子,children are likely to have less supervi-sion at home,空格的后文是:was common in the traditional family。显然这里包含了一个从句,由空格处的词连接。解题的关键词是less,它只能和than搭配构成比较级。句子的含义是:(现在的)孩子们在家里得到的父母的监护,要比(than)在传统的家庭里普遍的(监护)少(less)。需要注意than在这里的用法。than在带有比较级的句子中可以作关系代词,兼有连词和代词的性质,相当于than what,比如这句话就相当于chil—dren have less supervision than(what)was common in the traditional family。例句:The boyhas eaten more food than is good for his health就相当于...eaten more food than(what)isgood for his health。(那个孩子吃得太多,多得对身体都不好了。)再看三个干扰项。that比较容易排除,它常在关系从句中做关系代词,代替先行词,可以是名词或代词。这个题目难在其他两个干扰项:which和as似乎可以放入空格中,作关系代词,代替前面整个句子,意为这种情况在传统家庭中很普遍。但考生要注意:首先,which和as的这种用法都用在非限定性从句中,即用逗号隔开,如:He took over the government,which was unlawful.(他接管了政府,这一行为实际是非法的。)She usually takes a nap after lunch,as is her habit.(午饭后她一般午睡,这已经成了习惯。)其次,填入which和as,句子的含义就成了:孩子们在家里得到的监护越来越少的现象在传统家庭中非常普遍。因为文章谈到造成孩子无人看管,正是由于家庭结构的变化,即传统的家庭变成单亲和双职工家庭所造成的。显然它们不符合上下文意。
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