首页
登录
职称英语
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity b
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity b
游客
2023-12-31
30
管理
问题
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such a problem?
There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process. The median age in the United States — with half the population older and half younger — is currently 36. In Ethiopia, it’s 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy. In other African countries, it’s even lower. The world’s oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich. So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons. The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental
acuity
. The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden. And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age. Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65. Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health. The saying "
seventy is the new 60
" has a sound scientific basis. Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity (not to mention open-mindedness). The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India. In 2050 China’s population will be older than India’s because of its more rapid fertility decline. But so what? China’s population is much better educated and therefore much more productive. Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65. We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying. Again, this is largely a question of education. In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside. In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling. In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent. Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India’s future is brighter than China’s owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health. Here the prospects are good. In most countries of the world — with the notable exception of the United States — the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time. Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management. For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly — and together drive the richness of the future. [br] The author believes that______.
选项
A、aging population is closely related to economic decline
B、aging population can still make contributions to society
C、governments should pay more attention to aging population
D、further education is key to the productivity of aging population
答案
B
解析
论点概括。文章第一段提出问题“But is that(aging)really such a problem”,经过中间两段的论述,第四段最后一句得出结论“The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem”,然后本文继续讨论如何善待并有效利用人力资源,因此,选项B符合作者的论点。【知识拓展】作者对于所述问题的论点可由分论点概括而来,也可根据论述逻辑推理而来。本文的论点属于后者。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3320506.html
相关试题推荐
Themorelightenergyanobjectabsorbs,______theobjectbecomes.A、aswarmasB
他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。Hehasbecomeanoilbaron--allbyhimself.
ParentshavebecomeanewengineforeducationalreforminEgypt.Theyhelpstre
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommu
Customerbenefitwouldbemeasuredbyitsincentivetobecomesmartbuyersandi
随机试题
[originaltext]Tearskeepyoureyeswetandtheyalsocontainsubstancethat
ItstartedwithanitchafterastrollonaCaribbeanbeach,butinjustafe
下列不属于会计凭证的是()。A.发货票 B.领料单 C.购销合同 D.住宿
材料一:中共中央政治局2017年2月21日下午就我国扶贫攻坚形势和更好实施精准扶
—般采用清算价值法估值时采用()的折扣率。A.较大 B.较低 C.较高
ABC公司有甲乙两个投资方案的资料如下:甲方案寿命期6年,净现值为120
表面活性剂的作用不包括()。A.增溶 B.乳化 C.杀菌 D.消泡 E
对他克莫司进行血药浓度进行监测最适宜采集的标本是A:白细胞 B:中性粒细胞
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
在借贷记账法下,账户的何方记增加,何方记减少,取决于()。A、记账符号 B、账
最新回复
(
0
)