首页
登录
职称英语
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuro
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuro
游客
2023-12-30
22
管理
问题
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuromancer, a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984, people can use neural implants to jack into the sensory experiences of others. The idea of a neural lace, a mesh that grows into the brain, was conceived by Iain M. Banks in his "Culture" series of novels. The Terminal Man by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans. (Spoiler: not good.)
Where the sci-fi genre led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck’s lab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Conventionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and depriving the patient of a sense of control. The lab’s ethicist, Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of alienation and complain of feeling like a robot.
To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements as a trigger for turning the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than slur his words.
Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the bolder visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realised. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project, in this case a neural speech prosthesis being developed by a consortium of European researchers. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating out what they want to say from what they think.
That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be decipherable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for therapeutic purposes but to augment people’s abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?
For some, these sorts of questions cannot be asked too early: more than any other new technology, BCIs may redefine what it means to be human. For others, they are premature. "The societal-justice problem of who gets access to enhanced memory or vision is a question for the next decades, not years, " says Thomas Cochrane, a neurologist and director of neuroethics at the Centre for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School.
In truth, both arguments are right. It is hard to find anyone who argues that visions of whole-brain implants and AI-human symbiosis are impossible to realize; but harder still to find anyone who thinks something so revolutionary will happen in the near future. [br] Which of the following is NOT true in Paragraph 4?
选项
A、Hannah Maslen’s job is to distinguish inner speech from public speech.
B、Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is an ethicist who works on a DBS project.
C、People need a dependable mechanism for separating out what they want to say from what they think.
D、A neural speech prosthesis is developed by a consortium of European researchers.
答案
B
解析
根据题干定位至第4段。题目问在第4段中,哪一项是错误的,是一道细节题。A、C、D三个选项在该段中皆有体现,与原文一致。B项说“牛津大学的Hannah Maslen是一位从事DBS项目的伦理学家”,其中DBS与原文不符,应为BCI,故正确答案为B项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3319843.html
相关试题推荐
Whenonerestaurantisasgoodas______difficulttochooseafavorite.A、another
Marthahasmadeuphermindtobuyherfavoritefurniture,disregardhowmuchmo
Marthahagmadeuphermindtobuyherfavoritefurniture,disregardhowmuchmo
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeur
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeur
随机试题
TheUnitedNationsTheUnitedNations,orUN,isanintern
Thelatesthottopicamongeconomictalkingheadsisthecomingcurrencywar
下列哪项符合正常产褥期子宫复旧的规律A.产后30天,子宫体恢复正常大小 B.产
下列关于产品生命周期策略说法,正确的有( )A.在介绍期,银行要花费大量资金来
道路拓宽时,计算建筑物拆迁范围采用的空间分析方法是()。A.缓冲区分析 B.包
如果风很大,我们就会放飞风筝。 如果天空不晴朗,我们就不会放飞风筝。 如
根据《历史文化名城名镇名村保护条例》的规定,不在历史文化名城内的保护界线,由(
某办公大楼建筑高度69m,大楼采用柴油发电机作为备用电源,市政供电中断时柴油发电
某销售公司计划在2016年内达到销售额为2400万元,根据资料分析,可知每销售千
(2015年真题)编制房屋建筑工程施工招标的工程量清单,对第一项现浇混凝土无梁板
最新回复
(
0
)