首页
登录
职称英语
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their countr
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their countr
游客
2023-12-30
32
管理
问题
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football League and the National Basketball Association, have several rules that would please a Scandinavian social democrat. Salary caps and luxury taxes limit how much each team can spend on players, punish those that over-spend, and close the gap between rich and poor teams. In both sports, the top draft picks typically go to the worst-performing squads from the previous year. Revenue sharing redistributes wealth among the rich and poor teams. Overall, success is punished by design, misfortune is rewarded by design, and the power of wealth is
circumscribed
with spending caps.
It’s a different story across the Atlantic, where many European soccer leagues have practices that would please an American conservative. There are few salary-cap rules, so a handful of rich teams tend to dominate annually. When a soccer team performs poorly, it is not rewarded with a high draft pick. Instead, the club is
relegated
to a less competitive league, a mighty blow to their revenue. Meanwhile the most successful teams from lower divisions are promoted to more competitive leagues where they can earn even more money.
For years, economists have wondered why America doesn’t share Europe’s socialist approach to government. But maybe it’s worth flipping the question: Why don’t European sports share U.S.-style socialism? Why do European soccer leagues punish the downtrodden, while American sports are so soft on losers?
In their famous 2001 paper, "Why Doesn’t The U.S. Have A European-Style Welfare State?" the economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote pointed out that public policies are an echo of national history. For example, in the U.S., the legacy of the 19th century’s "open frontier" made Americans skeptical of government intrusion, while the absence of an influential socialist party after World War II made it difficult for leftist policies to take root.
By analogy, perhaps, one could look to history to see the origin of Europe’s surprisingly free-market approach to sports. The rules of today’s English Premier League can be traced to the late 19th century, when English soccer was in a period of rapid growth, with hundreds of English and Welsh clubs forming in several decades. Owners, players, and fans all recognized that the helter-skelter scheduling made it harder for people to plan their lives around soccer. In 1888, 12 teams banded together to form England’s first Football League. This provided a modicum of structure to the beautiful game, such as set schedules and guaranteed home games. In its original rules, the worst teams in the league had to apply for "reelection" to remain. Otherwise, one of England’s hundreds of other soccer teams could take their place. As the League grew in size and number of divisions, reelection evolved into a system of promotion and relegation — a model that has taken hold in soccer leagues in Europe and around the world. [br] According to the passage, there are______in many European soccer leagues.
选项
A、salary caps and luxury taxes
B、punishment on over-spending teams
C、a great gap between rich and poor teams
D、few salary-cap rules
答案
D
解析
文章第2段第二句表示欧洲足球联赛没有什么薪水上限的规定,所以屈指可数的几个豪门往往每年都处于主导地位。A、B、C项描述的是美国橄榄球联盟和篮球协会的特点。答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3319320.html
相关试题推荐
AmericanIndianlanguages,whichdifferwidely,tendedtogroupmanyunitsofme
ThoughAmericansdonotcurrently______abortionsdirectly,costsarecarriedby
Thecountrywillnolongerbeplaguedbyturmoil.A、constantchangeB、badweather
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica’sfirstblackpoet.Shewasbornin
ThecoachsaidFredhadnoaptitudeforsports.A、talentB、patienceC、attitudeD、
随机试题
[originaltext]M:Hi.Mary.Howareyou?W:Fine,thanks.Howarethingsgoing?
[originaltext] InApril,2014,theFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)issueda
按照工程造价构成划分,属于措施项目费的有()。A、工程定位复测费 B、环境保护
男性,19岁。右腹股沟部被刀刺伤30分钟,在当地医院加压包扎后急转院。查体:脉搏
患者男,50岁。突起呼吸困难,咳粉红色泡沫痰,血压190/100mmHg,诊为急
患者,女性,62岁。高血压病史10年,血压控制不良,本次因“高血压,脑出血”急诊
关于过碘酸一雪夫反应的染色反应叙述错误的是A.缺铁性贫血中幼红细胞呈阳性B.慢性
合同履行的跟踪策划的内容包括()。A、确定跟踪的对象B、确定收集信息的范围C
有三层楼板的影剧院,其建筑高度为20m,该建筑属于()。A.单层 B.多层
根据需要只对部分财产进行盘点和核对是指()。A、定期清查 B、局部清查 C、
最新回复
(
0
)