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  3. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some

Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some

游客2023-12-30  30
问题 Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has five to six friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits do not tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
    In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us ("birds of a feather") rather than those who would be complementary ("opposites attract"). In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months,  though it had less to do with initial alliances—not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
    There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship, though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
    The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago. [br] The experiment conducted on students living in a hostel suggested that        __.
选项 A、in the long run, people got on better with those resembling them
B、it was impossible to predict what friendships would develop
C、students immediately recognized others with similar attitudes and interests
D、students split up as soon as they discovered differences in attitudes
答案 A
解析 第2段末句暗示，在宗教、娱乐、美学等方面持有相同观点的学生，更可能发展出更好的友谊，故A“长期来看，人们与那些跟自己相似的人相处得更好”。符合文意。第2段末句指出观点相似度能很好预测友谊的发展，故B“无法预测友谊会如何发展”与文意相悖。C“学生迅速认出与他们具有相同态度和兴趣的人”，文中提到一开始态度并不明显，故C也错误。D“一发现观点不同，学生就迅速决裂”，文中无提及。
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