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  3. Students who want to enter the University of Montreal’s Athletic Complex nee

Students who want to enter the University of Montreal’s Athletic Complex nee

游客2023-12-28  20
问题     Students who want to enter the University of Montreal’s Athletic Complex need more man just a conventional ID card—their identities must be proved genuine by an electronic hand scanner. In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be verified. And soon, customers at some Japanese banks will have to present their faces for scanning before they can enter the building and withdraw their money.
    All of these are applications of biometrics, a fast-growing technology that involves the use of physical or biological characteristic to identify individuals. In use for more than a decade at some high security government institutions in the United States and Canada, biometrics is rapidly popping up in the everyday world.
    Biometric security systems operate by storing a digitized record of some unique human feature. When a user wishes to enter or use the facility, the system scans the person’s corresponding characteristics and attempts to match them against those on record. Systems using fingerprints, hands, voices, eyes, and faces are already on the market. Others using typing patterns and even body smells are in various stages of development.
    Fingerprints scanners are currently the most widely used type of biometric application, thanks to their growing use over the last 20 years by law-enforcement agencies. Sixteen American states now use biometric fingerprint verification systems to check that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. Politicians in Toronto have voted to do the same, with a testing project beginning next year.
    Not surprisingly, biometrics raises difficult questions about privacy and the potential for abuse. Some worry that governments and industry will be tempted to use the technology to monitor individual behavior. " If someone used your fingerprints to match your health-insurance records with credit-card record showing that you regularly bought lots of cigarettes and fatty foods," says one policy analyst, " you would see your insurance payments go through the roof. " In Toronto, critics of the welfare fingerprint plan complained that it would force people to submit to a procedure widely identified with criminals.
    Nevertheless, support for biometrics is growing in Toronto as it is in many other communities. In all increasingly crowded and complicated world, biometrics may well be a technology whose time has come.
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答案     想进入到蒙特利尔大学的体育综合建筑楼的同学不仅需要出示一张普通的身份卡——他们身份的真实性还需要由一个电子扫描仪来证明；在一些加利福尼亚的居民区，想进门光靠一把钥匙是不行的，还需要验证他或她的声音；不久以后，在日本的一些银行里，顾客们在进人大楼取钱之前必须把自己的脸扫描一下。
    所有这些情况都是生物鉴定学的应用。它是一种把物理和生物特性结合到一起应用来验证个人身份的快速发展的技术。在美国和加拿大的一些高安全政府机构里，生物鉴定学已经发挥了十多年的作用，如今，它正在迅速地出现在日常生活当中。
    生物安全系统通过存储人类的某一个独特的特点的数字化记录起作用。当用户希望进入或者使用这个工具的时候，系统就会把这个人的相应的特点扫描下来，然后努力把人与记录匹配起来。通过识别指纹、手、声音、眼睛和脸的系统现已上市。其他的通过打字模式，甚至是体味识别的系统还在不同程度地发展着。
    现如今，生物鉴定应用最广泛的就是指纹扫描机，这是由于在过去的20年里，它在法律执行机构里应用得越来越多。如今，美国的16个州用生物指纹确认系统来检查要求福利报酬的人是否真实。多伦多的政治家已经选举通过了效仿这种方法，明年将开启测试工程。
    生物鉴定学会有个人秘密被滥用的潜在危险，这也是不足为奇的事情。有人担心政府和工业部门会用这种技术来监测个人行为。“如果有人用你的指纹去和你的健康保险记录匹配，信用卡记录表明你经常买大量的烟和含脂肪的食物，”一个保险单分析家说，“你就会发现你的保险支付额将冲破天价。”在多伦多，福利指纹计划的评论家抱怨说，这会强迫人们像罪犯一样履行同样的程序。
    不管怎么样，像许多其它团体一样，在多伦多支持生物鉴定学的人数正在增加。在这个日益拥挤和复杂的世界，生物鉴定学技术的时代可能已经到来。
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