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  3. Most of the world’s victims of AIDS live — and, at an alarming rate, die — i

Most of the world’s victims of AIDS live — and, at an alarming rate, die — i

游客2023-12-28  23
问题     Most of the world’s victims of AIDS live — and, at an alarming rate, die — in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26. 6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS (UNAIDS) , the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.
    AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa — where it was called "slim" after the appearance of victims wasting away — within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.
    Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.
    An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.
    Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.
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答案     世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计，2003年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到2660万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。
    艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来一当地人管它叫“瘦病”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩；这场争论至今还远未结束。
    整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。
    在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡“自愿就医检查”，这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医学研究也已找到了一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。
     “全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于2001年发起成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。
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