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  3. Why Do We Dream? Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more tha

Why Do We Dream? Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more tha

游客2023-12-28  16
问题    Why Do We Dream?
   Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist kept a journal of nearly 500 dreams by a man. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the man’s emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in 1997 he had clashed with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he’d had a falling out with a friend that left deep emotional scars.
   How was Hoss able to gauge the dreamer’s turmoil? "The clues were in the colors," he says. The anthropologist’s dominant dream hues were reds and blacks, which spiked during difficult times. "Even without knowing the events in his life," Hoss observes, "we accurately determined the emotional states based on those colors in his dreams. "
   Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to cutting-edge medical technology and innovative psychological research, are beginning to decipher the secrets hidden in our dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams.
   Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are linked to your ability to learn and remember.
   Dreaming is a "mood regulatory system" , says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. "It’s like having a built-in therapist," says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, "You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are emotionally related. " It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship.
   In fact, dream emotions can help therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. "If their dreams were bland," Cartwright says, "they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce. " For therapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.
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答案    我们为什么做梦?
   有新研究表明，我们的梦对生活的影响(以及生活对梦的影响)比我们已意识到的要多。11年来，58岁的人类学家罗伯特?胡斯记录下一名男子近500个睡梦，通过分析这些睡梦的彩色图案，这位在亚利桑那州工作的研究员准确地测出了和该做梦男子情绪状态有关的一些事情。该男子在生活中曾经历两次危机，发生在不同的年份，胡斯都准确无误地测了出来。胡斯认定，该男子在1997年曾为管理上的事情与一位同事有过冲突，而在2003年又和一位朋友闹翻，受了很深的情感创伤。
   胡斯是如何能够测出做梦者的情感风波呢?胡斯说：“线索就在这些颜色中。”胡斯用红色和黑色作为标识睡梦的主色。当做梦人处于困难的时期，这些红色和黑色会产生峰值。胡斯说：“即使不知道他生活中发生过什么事情，根据其睡梦，我们也能准确地测定他的情感状态。”
   胡斯是正在扩大的研究群体中的一员，他们采用尖端的医疗科技和创新性心理学研究成果，开始破译隐藏在我们的睡梦中的秘密，探究出睡梦在我们的生活中起到的作用。看看他们最新的一些发现，可以让我们对人们梦中的表达方式有进一步的了解。
   梦是潜意识和意识沟通的一种方式。研究人员说，梦到你所担心的东西，这是大脑在以它的方式帮你进行预演，以防不测。梦到某种挑战，比如做工作报告、参加比赛，能够增强你的工作能力。认知神经科学家已发现，做梦和做梦中眼球的快速转动(REM)与学习能力和记忆能力有关。
   芝加哥拉什大学医学中心心理学系主任罗莎琳德-卡特赖特博士说，做梦是一种“情绪调节系统”。她发现，梦能帮助人们克服白天遇到的情感困境。她说，“这就像是人体有个内置的治疗师。”在睡梦中，梦境将我们新的情感经历和已有的记忆进行比较，就像用原有记忆影像造出格状模型，再将这一模型置于新影像之上进行比较。如她所说，“你可能醒来后在想： ‘哈里叔叔跑到我的梦里干什么?我都有50年没见他了。’因为，在情感上新旧影像是相互关联的。”弄清楚它们的关系，就是显意识要做的事情了。
   事实上，睡梦中所表现出的情感，有助于治疗师医治经历过生活创伤的患者。卡特赖特对30名离异的成年人进行研究，在研究中，她连续5个多月跟踪记录了这些人的梦境，以测定他们对前配偶的感情。她发现，那些在梦中对配偶表现得最为愤怒的那些人，最有可能成功地处理离婚问题。卡特赖特还说，“如果他们的梦境很平和，那么说明他们还没有解决好情感上的纠葛，还没有处理好离婚问题。”对治疗师而言，这一发现将帮助测定离婚男女是需要心理咨询呢，还是已经通过做梦把烦恼抛开了。
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