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  3. Arab Dhow Discovered off Belitung For more than a decade, archaeologists a

Arab Dhow Discovered off Belitung For more than a decade, archaeologists a

游客2023-12-28  21
问题    Arab Dhow Discovered off Belitung
   For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea that it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
   The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60, 000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It has also revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
   "Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds" at the new, lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilizations Museum here in Singapore and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.
   " This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization," said Julian Raby, Director of the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. "It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the East and the Abbasid based in Baghdad. "
   Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas, but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilizations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
   Mr. Raby said, " The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury. " He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. "Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market. "
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答案    勿里洞岛附近发现阿拉伯单桅帆船
   1998年，在印度尼西亚勿里洞岛附近发现了一艘沉没的9世纪阿拉伯单桅帆船，十多年来，考古学家和历史学家一直在研究船上装载的货物。发现该沉船的捕捞海参潜水员万万没有想到，这艘沉船最终会被看作20世纪末叶海上最重大的发现之一。
   这艘单桅帆船满载货物，包括六万件瓷器，还有各种各样的金银制品。它的发现证明，中国唐代与伊拉克阿拔斯王朝通过海上丝绸之路进行的贸易何等重要。它还表明，中国甚至在那时就已按照西亚客户的要求批量生产商品。
   勿里洞岛沉船中的物品在新落成的艺术科学博物馆展出。这座莲花状博物馆由莫什-萨福迪设计，展览题为：“沉船中的唐代珍宝与季风”。这次展览由新加坡当地的亚洲文明博物馆和华盛顿的亚瑟-M-萨克乐美术馆共同主办，并将在今后五、六年内在世界各地博物馆巡展。
   亚瑟-M-萨克乐美术馆馆长朱利安-拉比说：“这个展览告诉我们在全球化进程中的一个特殊时刻发生的事情。它生动地再现了辛巴德航海去中国发大财的故事。它表明9世纪的世界并不像我们过去所认为的那样处于隔裂状态。当时有两个出口大国：一个是东方的大唐帝国，另一个是位于巴格达的阿拔斯王朝。”
   在勿里洞岛附近发现沉船以前，历史学家一直认为中国唐代主要是通过中亚陆路，大部分是经由“丝绸之路”，进行对外贸易的。古代文献有波斯船队在东南亚海域航行的记载，但在发现勿里洞岛单桅帆船之前，从未发现过任何沉船。亚洲文明博物馆馆长和此次展览的负责人谭海迪说，船上的货物证实当年大量贸易是通过海路进行的。
   拉比先生说：“这次重大发现告诉我们两点：一是中国当时已是个从事工业化生产的国家；二是中国已不再生产陶瓷殉葬品了。”他指的是生产供陪葬用的骆驼、马匹等陶瓷制品。这种做法已于8世纪末叶遭禁。“于是陶窑开始寻找新市场，它们开始生产餐具并开拓出口市场。”
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