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  3. The people who are closest to a thing are often the most wary of it. Technol

The people who are closest to a thing are often the most wary of it. Technol

游客2023-12-28  26
问题     The people who are closest to a thing are often the most wary of it. Technologists know how phones really work, and many have decided they don’t want their own children anywhere near them.
    A wariness that has been slowly brewing is turning into a regionwide consensus: The benefits of screens as a learning tool are overblown, and the risks for addiction and stunting development seem high. The debate in Silicon Valley now is about how much exposure to phones is O.K.
    Athena Chavarria, who worked as an executive assistant at Facebook and is now at Mark Zucker-berg’s philanthropic arm, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, said: "I am convinced the devil lives in our phones and is wreaking havoc on our children. "
    She said she lives by the mantra that the last child in the class to get a phone wins. Her daughter did not get a phone until she started ninth grade.
    "Other parents are like, ’Aren’t you worried you don’t know where your kids are when you can’t find them?’" Ms. Chavarria said. "And I’m like, ’No, I do not need to know where my kids are every second of the day.’" For longtime tech leaders, watching how the tools they built affect their children has felt like a reckoning on their life and work.
    Among those is Chris Anderson, the former editor of Wired and now the chief executive of a robotics and drone company. He is also the founder of GeekDad. com.
    "On the scale between candy and crack cocaine, it’s closer to crack cocaine, " Mr. Anderson said of screens.
    He has five children and 12 tech rules. They include: no phones until the summer before high school, no screens in bedrooms, network-level content blocking, no social media until age 13, no iPads at all and screen time schedules enforced by Google Wifi that he controls from his phone. Bad behavior? The child goes offline for 24 hours.
    And there are those in tech who disagree that screens are dangerous. Jason Toff, 32, who ran the video platform Vine and now works for Google, lets his 3-year-old play on an iPad, which he believes is no better or worse than a book.
    This opinion is unpopular enough with his fellow tech workers that he feels there is now "a stigma".
    "One reaction I got just yesterday was, ’Doesn’t it worry you that all the major tech execs are limiting screen time?’" Mr. Toff said. "And I was like, ’Maybe it should, but I guess I’ve always been skeptical of norms.’ People are just scared of the unknown. "
    "It’s contrarian, " Mr. Toff said. "But I feel like I’m speaking for a lot of parents that are afraid of speaking out loud for fear of judgment."
    He said he thinks back to his own childhood growing up watching a lot of TV. "I think I turned out O.K., " Mr. Toff said.
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答案     对事物越了解，人们往往越谨慎。技术专家们通晓手机的工作原理，因此. 许多人决定不让自己的子女靠近它。人们对电子产品的态度愈发谨慎，甚至于逐渐转变为一种领域性的共识：电子产品作为学习工具的益处被夸大了，而上瘾以及阻碍发育的风险似乎很高。如今，硅谷的争论焦点在于手机使用多长时间才合适。
    曾在脸书(Facebook)担任行政助理的雅典娜.沙瓦里亚(Athena Chavarria)现供职于马克. 扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)名下的慈善机构“陈一扎克伯格行动”(Chan Zuckerberg Initiative)，她说： “我确信手机里面住着恶魔，并且正在一点点摧毁我们的孩子。”
    她说她一直坚信，班上最后一个拿到手机的小孩能够赢得胜利。她的女儿直到九年级才开始使用手机。
    “其他父母会说，‘当你找不到孩子的时候，你难道不担心他们在哪吗?’”沙瓦里亚女士说，“我就这样回复他们，‘不，我不需要每时每刻都知道我小孩的行踪。’”对于长期作为科技领袖的人来说，看着他们设计的产品如何影响孩子，就像是在对自己的人生和工作进行清算一样。
    这其中也包括克里斯.安德森(Chris Anderson)。他曾任《连线》杂志(Wired)的编辑，目前是一家生产机器人和无人机公司的首席执行官，他同时也是“极客父亲”网站的创始人。 “你说它更像糖果还是更像毒品，应该是更偏向后者吧。”安德森先生这样评价电子产品。他有5个小孩，并制定了12条电子产品使用规则。其中包括：高中前的那个暑假才能使用手机；卧室里禁止使用电子产品；网络级内容屏蔽；13岁前禁止使用社交媒体：完全禁止使用苹果平板电脑。并且，他通过手机上的谷歌无线网络程序(Google Wifi)控制电子产品的使用时长。如果孩子有不良行为，那就禁网一天。
    科技领域里也有人不认同电子产品存在危害的说法。32岁的贾森.托夫(Jason Toff)曾运营视频平台藤蔓(vine)，现就职于谷歌。他允许自己只有3岁的孩子使用苹果平板电脑，因为他认为平板电脑跟纸质书本没有差别。
    但他的观点在他的同事中相当不受欢迎，这让他现在觉得有些难为情。 “就在昨天就有人这么跟我说‘所有主要的科技高管都在限制电子产品的使用时间，你不担心吗? ’”托夫先生说。“而我是这样回复他们的，‘可能他们这么做有道理，但我觉得我一直对行为规范持怀疑态度。’人们只是对未知感到恐惧而已。”
    “这有些离经叛道了。”托夫先生说，“但我觉得我在为许多家长说话，他们害怕因为表达自己的观点而被指指点点。”
    他说，回想起小时候，他看了很多电视，“我觉得我现在也没什么问题。”托夫先生说。
解析     1.第1段第一句The people为泛指，所以这句可以按照原来的句子结构来翻译成“对事物越了解的人……”，也可考虑用中文的无主句形式，译成“对事物越了解……”。
    2.第2段第一句screens为借代用法——用屏幕代指一切电子产品，因此，这里译为“电子产品”而不是“屏幕”。
    3.第3段arm为多义词，有“手臂”“武装”“部门”等义项。根据语义可知雅典娜.沙瓦里亚就职的“陈.扎克伯格行动”为慈善机构，因此，此处arm取第3个义项，译为“机构”更为合适。
    4.第7段scale为多义词，有“规模”“天平”“数值范围”等义项。根据本文语境，安德森先生认为电子产品像毒品一样容易使小朋友上瘾。因此，用糖果和毒品来衡量电子产品的危害，电子产品更偏向于毒品，故可译为“你说它更像糖果还是更像毒品，应该是更偏向后者吧”。
    5.第12段第二句修饰parents的定语成分略长，该定语从句实质上解释说明了其他父母们没有表达观点的原因，因此，此部分可单独成一个分句译出。
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