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  3. Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting

游客2023-12-25  12
问题     Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.
    But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968.More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.
    In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
    In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.
    Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1, 400 people attended the four-day gathering.
    "We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing, " says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites. [br] The new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists in that________.
选项 A、they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poor
B、they cried for government intervention in saving the environment
C、they knew what "the environment" really meant to the White people
D、they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the U.S.
答案 A
解析 根据题干的关键词The new breed of environmental activists定位至第4段，该段第2句提到，此次抗议活动的领导者“介绍了‘环境正义’的概念”，再由后面他们抗议的内容——“黑人、穷人和工薪阶层所能获取的环境污染保护比白人和富人阶层少”，可知他们开始意识到“穷人和富人之间环境待遇的不平等”，因此A项正确。B项“他们呼吁政府干预，保护环境”，这是之前的环境保护者所做的事，不符合，知道“环境”到底意味者什么是对所有人而言，而C项的to the White people缩小了文中描述的范围，因此排除。D项“他们在美国内外践行环境保护主义”在文中未被提及。可直接排除。
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