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  3. The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and technol

The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and technol

游客2023-12-25  25
问题     The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and technology have generated unprecedented technological conditions for global economic and social development in the new century. In particular, the development of information and communications technologies has been making tremendous impact on our economic, social and cultural life.
    On the one hand, informationization presents valuable "digital opportunities" for economic growth and social progress. On the other hand, it presents various challenges to us. Many countries are taking active measures to push the development of information technologies and the information industry in an effort to accelerate national informatization processes.
    However, the development of information industry worldwide is seriously unbalanced. The gap between the rich and the poor in enjoying the benefits of and utilizing information resources and information technologies is widening instead of narrowing, putting the developing countries in a more disadvantageous position. This will inevitably further aggravate the social and economic disparity between the North and the South.
    Narrowing and ultimately eliminating the "digital divide" is a major issue to be addressed in the process of building the information society. Otherwise, we could not be able to attain the goal of sustainable, sound and coordinated development of the global information society.
    Weak information infrastructure has become a major reason for the gap between developing and developed countries and has seriously impaired the developing countries’ ability to build information society. Therefore, we shall put emphasis on exploring the strategic goals for developing countries to accelerate their information infrastructure build-out.
    These strategic goals may include: government macroeconomic control and market regulation policies, information regulation system in line with national conditions, sound relationship between technological development and market growth, avoiding market risks, innovative financing mechanisms for more financing channels, etc.
    In the future information society, knowledge and skills will be a major driver for economic growth and one of the major contributors to the sustainable development of the information industry. One of the main reasons for the gap between developing and developed countries in information technologies is the lack of knowledge and human resources, which is a key issue to be considered in bridging the "digital divide".
    So we shall consider establishing innovative mechanisms for human resources development and explore ways to improve human resources development on the basis of the existing training centers and training resources as well as the Internet so as to enhance the awareness of information technology.
    Moreover, bridging the "digital divide" requires joint efforts of all countries around the world. Developed countries in particular shall truly shoulder their responsibilities in helping the developing countries accelerate their informatization processes and narrowing the "digital divide".
    Concrete actions shall be taken, on the basis of the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation, to offer active assistance to developing countries in the form of financial support, technology transfer and human resources training, etc.
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答案      当前经济全球化不断发展，科学技术突飞猛进，为新世纪全球经济和社会发展提供了前所未有的技术条件。尤其是信息通信技术的发展，深刻地改变着人们的经济社会和文化生活方式。
    一方面，信息化为经济发展和社会进步提供了难得的数字机遇，而另一方面它也给我们带来了各种挑战。世界各国都在积极采取措施，大力发展信息通信技术和信息产业，努力推进国家信息化进程。
    然而，世界范围内信息工业发展极不平衡，贫富国家享有和利用信息资源和技术的差距不是在缩小，而是在扩大，广大发展中国家处于更加不利的地位，这必然导致南北贫富差距进一步拉大。
    如何缩小直至消除数字鸿沟，是建设信息社会过程中亟需解决的重大问题。否则，我们就无法在全球范围内实现信息社会持续、健康和协调发展的目标。
    信息基础设施薄弱已成为广大发展中网家落后于发达国家的一个重要因素，严重影响了这些国家建设信息社会的能力。因此，我们应高度重视研究发展中国家加快信息基础设施建设的战略目标。
    这些战略目标包括：制订政府宏观调控与市场管制政策，建立符合本国国情的信息管制体系，处理好技术与市场的关系，规避市场风险，建立创新的融资机制，实现资金的多元投入等。
    在未来信息社会中，知识和技能是促进经济发展的主要驱动力，是信息产业实现可持续发展的重要因素之一。发展中国家在信息技术方面落后于发达国家的主要原因之一是其知识和人才的短缺，也是解决数字鸿沟应考虑的一个重点环节。
    因此我们应考虑建立人力资源开发创新机制，探讨如何通过现有的培训基地和培训资源以及互联网，改善人力资源开发工作，提高人们对信息通信技术的认识。
    消除数字鸿沟需要世界各国共同努力。特别是发达国家，应切实负起责任，帮助发展中国家加快信息化进程，缩小数字鸿沟。
    (发达国家)应在互利合作的基础上采取实际行动，在资金支持、技术转让、人才培训等方面积极帮助发展中国家。
解析     本文是一篇关于全球经济发展，尤其是信息产业发展方面的讲话。文中介绍了信息化既带来了机遇，也带来了发展中国家和发达国家之间的数字鸿沟的严峻挑战，并分析了其中的原因，指出了具体的应对措施。
    本文要求应试者掌握一定的世界经济知识，尤其是信息产业的常识，了解与之相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。
    -基本素质采分点
    以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。
    1．information and communications technologies  信息通信技术
    2．informationization                           信息化
    3．the rich and the poor                        贫富
    4．the North and the South                      南北
    5．the developing and developed countries       发展中国家与发达国家
    -结构理解采分点
    下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。
1．Many countries are taking active measures to push the development of information technologies and the information industry in an effort to accelerate national informatization processes.
    原句是一个简单句，句子内部结构层次清楚，主干是“countries are taking measures”，其他部分如“to push...”和“in an effort to accelerate...”都是状语成分。翻译时，要充分考虑汉语的特点，可以直接用逗号将这些状语结构与主句分开即可，无需任何连接成分。
2．The gap between the rich and the poor in enjoying the benefits of and utilizing information resources and information technologies is widening instead of narrowing, putting the developing countries in a more disadvantageous position.
    原句的主干是“the gap is widening”，其他成分都是辅助的修饰补充成分。听的时候要分辨出句子的主干，并把枝叶与主干的关系分析清楚。例如“between ... technologies”这一部分很长，但都是主语“gap”的定语，其中又有“in”引导的两个分词结构来修饰“gap”；后面的“putting... position”是一个现在分词结构，属于非谓语动词，作状语。翻译时，要按照汉语的习惯把名词修饰语都放到被修饰成分之前，去除英语中的连接成分，直接按照逻辑顺序将句子成分罗列开来即可。
3．Weak information infrastructure has become a major reason for the gap between developing and developed countries and has seriously impaired the developing countries’ ability to build information society.
    原句是包含两个并列谓语的简单句。主语是“infrastructure”，两个并列谓语是“has become”和“has impaired”。这个句子的主要结构需要在听的过程中分清楚，在翻译时把相关的细节添加上就可以了。本句可以顺译，碰到名词的修饰语时应当按照汉语的习惯将其提到被修饰语之前。
4．One of the main reasons for the gap between developing and developed countries in information technologies is the lack of knowledge and human resources, which is a key issue to be considered in bridging the "digital divide".
    原句是一个主从复合句，其中前半句是主句，后面由“which”引导的是一个非限定性关系从句，修饰的先行词是“the lack”。另外，有些名词都有较长的后置修饰成分，在听的过程中，应当把这些定语分析清楚。翻译时，可以将英语的静态转换成汉语的动态，比如把“the gap between developing and developed countries”，翻译成“发展中国家落后于发达国家”。另外，按照目的语的特点，后置修饰成分最好提到所修饰成分的前面。
5．Concrete actions shall be taken, on the basis of the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation, to offer active assistance to developing countries in the form of financial support, technology transfer and human resources training, etc.
    原句的主干是“actions shall be taken”，是被动语态；其他成分都是次要成分，包括由“on”引导的介词短语作方式状语和由“to”引导的目的状语。在听的过程中，译者要分清主次关系。翻译时，可以结合上下文补出主句动作的执行者，将被动语态转换成主动语态。
    -言语表达采分点
    应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。
    1．to make tremendous impact                         深刻地改变
    2．digital opportunities                             数字机遇
    3．take active measures to do sth.                   积极采取措施
    4．digital divide                                    数字鸿沟
    5．sustainable, sound and coordinated development    持续、健康和协调发展
    6．put emphasis on                                   高度重视
    7．in line with national conditions                  符合本国国情的
    8．on the basis of                                   在……的基础上
    9．shoulder their responsibilities in                负起责任……
    10．in the form of                                   在……方面
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