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Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than a
Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than a
游客
2023-12-24
25
管理
问题
Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any can deliver. We say that the president runs the country, but in practice, presidents have trouble running large parts of the government. We hold the president responsible for the economy, even though he has few economic levers at his command. We expect the commander in chief to lead us to victory in war, and then we complain when we think he is micromanaging the military. And we tend to think of the president as the personification of the nation he leads. Few other democracies combine the position of head of government and head of state. We do, and some of the bitterness of our politics spring from the conviction of many Americans that this of that president does not really represent their country. Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation.
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答案
美国人对于自己的总统抱有很高的期望值,以至于也许没有一位总统能够达到那样的期望。我们认为总统管理着整个国家,但实际上,他们在管理大部分政府部门时会遇到麻烦。尽管总统本身可能没有多少手段来掌控经济,但我们还是认为他应对经济负责。我们认为我们的总统作为军队总指挥官,带领我们取得战争的胜利,但是当我们思考他的治军细节以及他统揽军务管理过细时,又会埋怨重重。
我们往往将总统比作是他所领导的国家的化身。很少有其他的民主政体将政府首脑与国家元首的职位合二为一。然而我们国家是这样做的,我们政治中的弊端根源于许多美国人的观念,那就是总统的信念不能真正代表他们的国家。但当我们回顾历届总统时,我们总把他们看作是国家的领袖,而不是党派政客。这些领袖以各种方式为发展我国国力及价值观做出了贡献。
解析
1. Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any can deliver.
译文:美国人对于自己的总统抱有非常高的期望,以至于也许没有一位总统能够达到那样的期望。本句话中expect a lot of their presidents,其中expect是个动词,需要运用翻译技能,将这个动词翻译成“期望值或者期望”。a lot of最基本的汉语意思为:许多,通常用于修饰可数名词,而在本文中用于修饰期望或者期望值,所以根据本文的语言表达环境意思为“很高的”。any用于否定或者疑问含义的不定代词,表示“任何一个都不能”。
2.We say that the president runs the country, but in practice, presidents have trouble running large parts of the government.
译文:我们认为总统管理着整个国家,但实际上,他们在管理大部分政府部门时会遇到麻烦。本句话中,首先对“run”的意思很多时候只能理解为“跑,移动,流动”,而做翻译时,需要根据文章的语言环境选择恰当的词义,在本文中“run”的意思为“运行,管理,运作”。“have trouble doing sth”意思是“做……很麻烦,很困难”。对于“large parts of the government”需要根据语言环境将其具体翻译为:大部分政府部门。
3.We hold the president responsible for the economy, even though he has few economic levers at his command.
译文:尽管总统本身可能没有多少手段来掌控经济,但我们还是认为他应对经济负责。
本句中“levers”意思为“(物)杠杆,操作杆”。而在本句中按照语意的需要,要翻译成:手段,方法。 at one’s command意思是“可以自由使用或支配”,其中command是名词,而在本句中需要对其词类进行转换。翻译成动词:掌控,控制,支配。
4.We expect the commander in chief to lead US to victory in war, and then we complain when we think he is micromanaging the military.
译文:我们认为我们的总统作为军队总指挥官,带领我们取得战争的胜利,但是当我们思考他的治军细节以及他统揽军务管理过细时,又会埋怨重重。
在本句中,expect sb. to do sth. 和lead sb. to do sth. 均为固定句型用法,意思分别为:期待某人做某事,领导某人做某事。commander in chief意思为:总司令,总指挥官。其中:“chief”是形容词,意思是:等级最高的,为首的;最重要的,主要的,首席的。该单词在近几年的热点话题中出现较多,通常说的CEO就是首席执行官:chief executive officer;CFO,首席财务官:chief financial officer;COO,首席运营官:chief operation officer等。
5.we tend to think of the president as the personification of the nation he leads.
译文:我们往往将总统比作是他所领导的国家的化身。
本句中tend to do sth.是个固定用法,也可以用tend towards to do sth.意思是:倾向于做某事,往往做……。personification是名词,意思是:化身,象征,体现。he leads为定语从句,其中省略了引导词 which。
6.Few other democracies combine the position of head of government and head of state.
译文:很少有其他的民主政体将政府首脑与国家元首的职位合二为一。
few为否定意义的修饰词,意思为:很少,几乎没有。a few/few均用来修饰可数名词,其中a few为肯定意义,与之对应的a little/little意思相同,但是后者用于修饰不可数名词。democracies为抽象名词,意思为:民主。而在本句话中依据语意需求,需要将其具体化为:民主政体。head在本文中翻译为:首脑,元首。
7.We do, and some of the bitterness of our politics spring from the conviction of many Americans that this or that president does not really represent their country.
译文:然而我们国家是这样做的,我们政治中的弊端根源于许多美国人的观念,那就是总统的信念不能真正代表他们的国家。
bitterness本来意思为:1.苦味2.痛苦,悲痛3.怨恨;在本文中翻译为:弊端,问题,spring from意思为:起源于……。相同意义的短语有:derive from。其中that this of that president does not really represent their country作前面conviction的同位语。句中this指代前文的conviction。
8.Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation.
译文:但当我们回顾历届总统时,我们总把他们看作是国家的领袖,而不是党派政客。这些领袖以各种方式为发展我国国力及价值观做出了贡献。
本句是一个带有由as引导的时间状语从句,who引导的定语从句的主从复合句。as引导的时间状语从句我们翻译为:当……,而who引导的定语从句我们采用后置翻译的方法,将其翻译成一个独立的句子置于句后。look back at意思为:回顾,主句中谓语采用see sth. as sth.句型。其中有see sth. than as sth.看作……而不是……。politician通常为贬义,表示“党派的政客”,而政治家应该用“statesman”。 politician,statesman这两个名词均可表示“政治家”之意。politician指有才能的职业政治家或政坛人物。而在美国英语中,多含贬义,特指玩弄阴谋、勾心斗角以谋取私利的政客和政治骗子。statesman与 politician相反,常用于褒义,指有远见、为国为民的正派的政治家,既着重才能,又侧重身居要职。
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