首页
登录
职称英语
Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents—at least in the
Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents—at least in the
游客
2023-12-24
52
管理
问题
Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents—at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.
The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, there’s always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.
In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. So it’s normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.
To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared single females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had two--supposedly the same amount of work.
But single mums, they found, put in about 25 percent more effort than females rearing with their mate. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and it’s the chicks that pay the price. "The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict," says Hartley.
The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the "fitness" of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families.
Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. "But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here is showing it empirically."
More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartley’s statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. "People have not really made that link," says Hartley. A female’s reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well. [br] What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
选项
A、Cause and effect.
B、Experiment and result.
C、Problem and solution.
D、Topic and comment.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3299931.html
相关试题推荐
Weshouldletmoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrencanenjoyscientificearlye
Itisimpossibleforparentsto________theirchildrenfromeverydanger.A、protec
Nowasinglecellphoneisabletostorealarge________ofinformationaboutan
Itwouldbewiseifyouhadnotbreathedasinglewordofthematter.A、wouldbe
SigmundFreudIfthereisasinglenameinallpsy
SigmundFreudIfthereisasinglenameinallpsy
SigmundFreudIfthereisasinglenameinallpsy
SigmundFreudIfthereisasinglenameinallpsy
Butsurelytheneedsofadultsarebeingbettermetthantheneedsofthechildr
Istudyattentively.ThemoreIgotconcentratedonmylessons,thebetterIcan
随机试题
Peterlivedwithhisgrandparents.[br]Thekitchenwastoobig,soPetercouldn
图示结构EI=常数,A点右侧截面的弯矩为:
以下康复不属于癌症康复的是( )。A.预防性康复 B.恢复性康复 C.支持
病理性缩复环最常见于A.胎儿畸形 B.头盆不称 C.软产道异常 D.子宫收
三棱与莪术的共同作用是A.活血消痈,通络止痛 B.破血行气,消积止痛 C
医院药事管理委员会副主任委员由担任A.院长 B.副院长 C.药学部负责
患者,男性,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效,颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽
下列哪组改变最符合溶血性黄疸A.血清游离胆红素增加,尿胆原增加 B.血清游离胆
ABC会计师事务所的A注册会计师负责审计甲公司2019年度财务报表。与函证相关的
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
最新回复
(
0
)