首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
游客
2023-12-23
88
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood’s of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. [br] According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to______.
选项
A、set clear goals
B、speed up the creation of a solution to a problem
C、identify a problem
D、bring together disparate facts
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3299570.html
相关试题推荐
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseebecarryingoutnext
Theseniorsenatorhasinthepastthreetermsbothexperiencedthesweettaste
Ifthebatik’sstatementagreeswithmybankbalance,itdoesnotfollowindispu
Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofess
Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingm
Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingm
Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingm
Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingm
Followingayearoffastdevelopment,bythefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinah
Hersuccessfuljumpbroughta______cheerfromthecrowd.A、spontaneousB、homogeno
随机试题
Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?[originaltext]AnIndonesianferrypackedwith
Whenyoubuysomethingandpayforitwithbillsorcoins,youarepaying【B1
HowATMsWork?You’reshortoncash
BornonJuly31,1965,inGloucestershire,England,JoanneKathleenRowling
若直接人工效率差异为1500元,标准工资率为5元/小时,变动制造费用的标准分配率
婚前指导不包括以下哪项A.节育指导 B.受孕原理 C.常见的妊娠合并症 D
运输内源性胆固醇的脂蛋白主要是下面哪一种A.LDL B.VLDL C.HDL
省检运检部、地市公司运检部根据年度检测计划,综合考虑()工作需要,合理安排月
点M沿平面曲线运动,在某瞬时,速度大小v=6m/s,加速度大小a=8m/s2,两
关于法的特征的说法,错误的是( )。A.法由统治阶级制定或认可 B.法以权利
最新回复
(
0
)