首页
登录
职称英语
The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement," and their findings
The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement," and their findings
游客
2023-12-22
37
管理
问题
The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement," and their findings from the United States and 12 European countries suggest that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline. "It’s incredibly interesting and exciting," said Laura Carstensen, director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University in California. "It suggests work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally. "
Japan and South Korea have begun administering a survey on memory. China, India and several countries in Latin America are also planning surveys. While not everyone is convinced, a number of leading researchers say the "Mental Retirement" study is, at least, a tantalizing bit of evidence for a hypothesis that is widely believed but difficult to demonstrate.
Researchers repeatedly find that retired people tend to do less well on cognitive tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp. And research has failed to support the premise that mastering activities like memory exercises and crossword puzzles improve overall functioning. "If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles," said Lisa Berkman, director of the Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. "But you don’t get better at cognitive behavior in life. "
The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United States nearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22,000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests. That led European countries to start their own surveys, using similar questions so the data would be comparable. The test looks at how well people can recall a list of 10 nouns immediately and 10 minutes after they heard them. People in the United States did best, scoring an average of 11 out of a perfect 20. Those in Denmark and England were close behind, with scores just above 10, followed by France(8), Italy(7)and Spain(6).
The researchers noticed that there are large differences in the ages at which people retire. In the United States, England and Denmark, where people retire later, 65 to 70 percent of men were still working when they were in their early 60s. In France and Italy, the figure is 10 to 20 percent, and in Spain it is 38 percent.
Economic incentives produce the large differences in retirement age. Countries with earlier retirement ages have tax policies, pension, disability and other measures that encourage people to leave the work force at younger ages.
The researchers found that the longer people keep working, the better they do on the tests when they are in their early 60s. "There is evidence that social skills and personality skills—getting up in the morning, dealing with people, knowing the value of being prompt and trustworthy—are also important," Dr. Willis said. "They go hand in hand with the work environment. " [br] What can be the conclusion from the findings of the study?
选项
A、People usually postpone their retirement for sharp cognitive skills.
B、Working as long as possible in life may promote longevity.
C、The later you retire from work, the better you are able to think.
D、Early retirement may produce a negative effect on the brain.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3297002.html
相关试题推荐
Astudyfoundthattheenvironmentalcostsofproducingandrecyclingpapercups
Acurrentfocusisontheutilizationofthesetechnologiesforenvironmentally
Thefactorywaspublicly______bytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyforhaving
Theenvironmentalproblemdemonstratesa______ofourmodernlife,whichisconfr
Itisunderstandablethatthoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentalstate
Picassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe________ofartforlatergene
Fornearlyacentury,twoUnitedStatesgovernmentalagencies,theUnitedSt
Fornearlyacentury,twoUnitedStatesgovernmentalagencies,theUnitedSt
Fornearlyacentury,twoUnitedStatesgovernmentalagencies,theUnitedSt
Fornearlyacentury,twoUnitedStatesgovernmentalagencies,theUnitedSt
随机试题
TaskOne-Aim•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththeaims,listedA
每个国家的形象宣传片(promotionalvideo)都希望能让世界更好地了解本国。中国国家形象宣传片在纽约的播放引起了世界关注。这则长达60秒的宣
(1)Thishasbeenquiteaweekforliterarycoups.Inanalmostentirelyune
InAmerica,olderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmany
Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofin
ALettertoComputerHackers1.随着电脑的普及,电脑黑客们也越来越猖獗;2.分析他们的所作所为给社会、他人带来的损失;3.奉劝
Aninterpersonalrelationshipisarelativelylong-termassociationbetween
刘成章《安塞腰鼓》原文 一群茂腾腾的后生。 他们的身后是一片高粱地。他们朴实
保证金除以所投资金额或证券总价值的比率就称为( )。A.保证金率 B.到期收
一个完整的计算机系统包括( )。A.主机、键盘、显示器 B.计算机及其外
最新回复
(
0
)