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  3. Divorce is transforming the lives of American children. In the post-World Wa

Divorce is transforming the lives of American children. In the post-World Wa

游客2023-12-22  66
问题     Divorce is transforming the lives of American children. In the post-World War II generation, more than 80 percent of children grew up with both biological parents. Today only half will do so. Each year more than a million children experience family breakup; about as many are born out of wedlock.
    At the same time, the problems associated with family disruption have grown. Overall child wellbeing has declined, despite historically high public spending. The teen suicide rate has almost tripled. Juvenile crime has increased and become more violent. School performance has been poor.
    Given such a dramatic impact on children’s lives, one might expect today’s high divorce rate to be viewed more widely as a national crisis. Yet, those who argue that it poses a serious threat are dismissed as being pessimistic or nostalgic, unwilling to accept the new facts of life. The dominate view in the popular culture is that the changes in family structure are, on balance, positive. And until recently there was little hard evidence to confirm or dispute this assumption.
    A 1940s book on divorce asserted: "children are entitled to the affection and association of two parents, not one." In the 1950s most Americans believed parents should stay in an unhappy marriage to avoid damaging the children.
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答案     离婚正在改变美国儿童的生活。二战后的一代人中，80％以上的儿童都在自己的双亲身边长大。今天只有半数是如此。每年都有一百多万儿童经历家庭的破裂；非婚生儿的数量大体相同。
    与此同时，家庭破裂带来的问题层出不穷。尽管政府用于公益事业的开支已到达历史最高，但儿童总的生活水平有所下降。青少年的自杀率几乎增加了两倍，犯罪率也上升了，而且暴行更多。在校成绩甚差。
    儿童的生活既然受到如此巨大的影响，有人也许认为应把今日的高离婚率作为一个国家危机来对待，从而引起更广泛的关注。然而，认为高离婚率造成严重威胁的人也遭到反对，被斥为悲观或怀旧者，被认为是拒不接受新的生活现实。大众文化主要认为，家庭结构的变化总的来说是积极的。但对于这种说法，至今还没什么有力的证据对其加以肯定或反驳。
    四十年代有一本有关离婚的书曾称：“孩子有权享有父母双亲而不是单亲的宠爱和亲情。”在五十年代，多数美国人认为，做父母的即使婚姻不美满，也要将其维持下去，以免伤害孩子。
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