首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
游客
2023-12-19
39
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new Way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] According to the writer which of the following is put of chivalry? A knight should ________.
选项
A、inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds
B、perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs
C、express his love for his lady from a distance
D、regard his lady as strong and independent
答案
C
解析
此题为细节题。第六段第三行到第五行是对谦恭有礼的描写,一个骑土对他所喜欢的女孩表达爱意,尽管他可能从来也不能接近她。这就是一种罗曼蒂克式的爱。因此C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3288004.html
相关试题推荐
CharlesDickensobservedofrevolutionaryFrancethatitwasthebestoftim
France’shighestcourthaltedthefinalvoyageoftheClemenceaubecause[origin
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedtopromotepeace,prosperityandhumanrights
France’sstandoftheconflictbetweenIsraelandPalestineis[originaltext]
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheop-edpages.T
In1066,Englandwasinvadedby_____.A、VikingsB、KingofFranceC、WilliamofNor
Theso-called"GloriousRevolution"of1688tookplacein_____.A、FranceB、Americ
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEn
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEn
_____istheyearFrancelostitsruleoverQuebec,A、1736B、1763C、1733D、1766B
随机试题
Whentheyadviseyourkidsto"getaneducation"ifyouwanttoraiseyouri
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofd
云锦(cloud—patternbrocade)是我国优秀传统文化的杰出代表,由于用料考究、织工精细、图案色彩典雅富丽,宛如天上彩云般的瑰丽,故称“云
屈原是中国最早的浪漫主义诗人,是楚国大夫。为了抵御强秦,他提议与齐国结盟。但因奸臣诽谤(slander),他被免职、流放。怀着对国家和人民的满腔热忱,他创作了许
A.40MPa B.60MPa C.50MPa D.20MPa
乳突手术时确定鼓窦位置的重要标志是()A.鼓乳裂 B.道上三角区
下列需要申领施工许可证的是( )。A.开工报告已获得批复 B.某工厂建设食堂
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
张华,女,44岁,有一个正在本地读大学一年级的女儿,丈夫在女儿幼年时就因病去世。
ABC会计师事务所的A注册会计师负责审计上市公司甲公司2013年度财务报表。下列
最新回复
(
0
)