首页
登录
职称英语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
游客
2023-12-19
34
管理
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】______ them is a different matter. 【1】______
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night?’ shows the【2】______ of the activity. It is 【2】______
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】______ of dream performing 【3】______
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】______, i.e. 【4】______
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream represents a more, or less,【5】______ course 【5】______
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】______ type. They help to 【6】______
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】______ difficulties and 【7】______
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】______. In our dreams we 【8】______
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】______ us to some external reality, 【9】______
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】______ one, is the predictive function. 【10】______
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be
predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams
may have. [br] 【7】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past—as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream, that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus; the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe in the possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
选项
答案
predicting/forecasting
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3287589.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]W:ItwasreportedthattheRiversidesubbranchoftheCommonweal
[originaltext]W:ItwasreportedthattheRiversidesubbranchoftheCommonweal
Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.SCongressis
Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby[br]Acommoncharacteris
【B1】[br]【B9】or→and前面提到了twomostcommonforms,此处用and才能和前文保持意义上的一致。
Theterm"PhaticCommunion"originatesfrom______studyofthefunctionsoflan
PrimaryFunctionsoftheFamilyThefamilyisabasicunit
PrimaryFunctionsoftheFamilyThefamilyisabasicunit
PrimaryFunctionsoftheFamilyThefamilyisabasicunit
PrimaryFunctionsoftheFamilyThefamilyisabasicunit
随机试题
[originaltext]Forthreegroupsofexplorersformedbycollegestudentsandyoun
Internetuseappearstocauseadeclineinpsychologicalwell-being,accordi
WhichofthefollowingisNOTaCooperativeprinciple?A、Themaximofreference.
Itisasuccessinsofarasmorewomenretaintheiryouthfulappearanceto
银行在银行结算账户的开立中,不得有下列行为()。A、违反规定为存款人多头开立银
采集兔子免疫血清不正确的做法是()A.血液放入干热灭菌的玻璃器皿中B.采血前停
统计调查中获得的能够识别或者推断单个统计调查对象身份的资料,任何单位和个人不得
智齿冠周炎的定义描述,正确的是A.是指发生在智齿冠周软组织的炎症 B.智齿冠周
恶性混合瘤可分为A.恶性混合瘤与混合瘤恶变 B.高分化型、中分化型和低分化型
下列选项不属于造成预制梁桥预拱度偏差的原因的是( )。A.支架弹性变形、混凝土
最新回复
(
0
)