首页
登录
职称英语
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its cor
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its cor
游客
2023-12-19
29
管理
问题
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who served for a minimum of twenty five years. Augustus in his reign tried to eliminate the loyalty of the legions to the generals who commanded them, forcing them to take an oath of allegiance directly to him. While the legions remained relatively loyal to Augustus during his reign, under others, especially the more corrupt emperors or those who unwisely treated the military poorly, the legions often took power into their own hands. Legions continued to move farther and farther to the outskirts of society, especially in the later periods of the empire as the majority of legionaires no longer came from Italy, and were instead born in the provinces. The loyalty the legions felt to their emperor only degraded more with time, and lead in the 2nd Centry and 3rd Century to a large number of military usurpers and civil wars. By the time of the military officer emperors that characterized the period following the Crisis of the Third Century the Roman army was just as likely to be attacking itself as an outside invader.
Both the pre-and post-Marian armies were greatly assisted by auxiliary troops. A typical Roman legion was accompanied by a matching auxiliary legion. In the pre-Marian army these auxiliary troops were Italians, and often Latins, from cities near Rome. The post-Marian army incorporated these Italian soldiers into its standard legions (as all Italians were Roman citizens after the Social War). Its auxiliary troops were made up of foreigners from provinces distant to Rome, who gained Roman citizenship after completing their twenty five years of service. This system of foreign auxiliaries allowed the post-Marian army to strengthen traditional weak points of the Roman system, such as light missile troops and cavalry, with foreign specialists, especially as the richer classes took less and less part of military affairs and the Roman army lost much of its domestic calvary.
At the beginning of the Imperial period the number of legions was 60, which Augustus more than halved to 28, numbering at approximately 160,000 men. As more territory was conquered throughout the Imperial period, this fluctuated into the mid-thirties. At the same time, at the beginning of the Imperial period the foreign auxiliaries made up a rather small portion of the military, but continued to rise, so that by the end of the period of the Five Good Emperors they probably equalled the legionaires in number, giving a combined total of between 300,000 and 400,000 men in the Army.
The last major reform of the Imperial Army came under the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd Century. During the instability that had marked most of that century, the army had fallen in number and lost much of its ability to effectively police and defend the empire. He quickly recruited a large number of men, increasing the number of legionaires from between 150,000-200,000 to 350,000-400,000, effectively doubling the number in a case of quantity over quality. [br] At the beginning of the Imperial period, the foreign auxiliaries ______.
选项
A、made up 60 legions
B、equalled the legionaires in number,
C、didn’t make up a big portion of Rome army
D、declined in Rome army
答案
C
解析
倒数第二段指出,在帝国时代的初期,罗马军队有60个军团,而非后备部队有60个军团,所以 A不正确,文章指出,在五善帝时代的后期,外国后备军可能同军团人数持平,同题目中的帝国时代初期时间上不一致,所以B也不对,这一段还指出,尽管外国后备军的数量在增加,但仍然只占了罗马军队的一小部分,所以D所说的数量下降不正确,而C是正确的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3287419.html
相关试题推荐
WhichkinghadthelongestreignduringthemonarchofBritainfrom1837to1901
DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Roosevelt,StalinandChurchillmetat______.A、Teh
DuringthereignofAugustus,changeshappenedinRomearmy,excluding______.[
Theholidaybeganasawaytohonorsoldierskilledduring______.[originaltext
WhowrotetheDeclarationofIndependenceandlaterbecametheU.S.President?A、
1 Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedin
1 Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedin
ThePresidentduringtheAmericanCivilWarwas______.A、ThomasJeffersonB、Andr
Allhisnovelsrevealthat,astimewenton,MarkTwainbecameincreasingly____
1 Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparen
随机试题
注销注册商标的途径有()。A.有效期截止 B.依申请注销 C.侵权注销
A.1.8~3.0mg/L B.50mg/L C.100mg/L D.50
骨与关节结核最常发生的部位是A.膝关节 B.髋关节 C.肘关节 D.腕关节
有一段环形路如图所示,每条边均为10米,甲乙两人分别从A、B两点同时出发,沿着路
某苯胺生产企业对技术改造问题进行经济可行性分析。目前企业投产的两条生产线每年生产
对期货投资者的保证金损失,保障基金按照下列原则予以补偿,包括()A.对每位个人
市场集中度与市场中( )的形成密切相关,可以用来作为考察市场结构的首要因素。
与股份制金融机构比较,信用合作社的特点有( )。A.基层社员为合作社最终所有者
A公司是一家零售商,正在编制2020年5月份的预算,有关资料如下: (1)
下列关于标准成本的说法中,不正确的是()。A.理想标准成本指在现有条件下所能达到
最新回复
(
0
)