首页
登录
职称英语
As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recording
As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recording
游客
2023-12-19
18
管理
问题
As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recordings, recording also raises important theoretical problems. The main problem is usually referred to as the observer’s paradox. Ideally we want to know how people use language when they are not being observed. When speakers know they are being observed, their language shifts towards more formal styles, probably rather erratically, as not everything in language is under equal conscious control, and as speakers probably go through cycles of half forgetting they are being recorded. So the most casual language is the most difficult to record. The language that linguists would most like to be able to record is the language which is most susceptible to contamination by observation.
With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some researchers have ethical objections to such recordings; others adopt a compromise solution of recording without their knowledge and then telling them afterwards. How- ever, suppose one decides to record people with their knowledge, what solutions are there, if any, to the effect of the recording on the speakers? In many cases, the recording may have to be with the speakers’consent in any case, for example, if recording teachers, doctors, magistrates, or official meetings of different kinds.
One argument, put forward by Wolfson(1976) ,is that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense. All language changes to be appropriate to the situation. All there is to study, then, is what people regard as appropriate in different situations. In any case, in all social situations, we ale. aware of being monitoned to some extent by others present: being monitored by a tape-recorder and researcher is therefore just a particular example of this. This type of argument usefully points out that the hunt for pure, natural or authentic data is a chimera. On the other hand, we may be investigating how people speak when they are un- comfortable. Being permanently recorded and studied is not a normal situation fox’most people, and those for whom it is an everyday occurance ( including celebrities, radio personalities, courtroom lawyers ) develop special strategies to deal with it. There is always the suspicion that in extraordinary situations people produce extraordinary language.
One research strategy is proposed by J. Wilson. lie argues that since speakers will inevitably be affect- ed by the recording, one should deliberately study such effects: what he called tape-affected speech. Exam- pies would include direct references to the recording equipment or uncharacteristically polite usages, or the opposite--deliberately obscene references, for example, where speakers are showing that they do not care what is recorded. This suggestion is useful, insofar as it warns researchers what to be aware of in recordings. On the other hand, we ought to know about normal language, not about such artificially produced ones.
It is regularly proposed that speakers grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches de- crease with time. One can, therefore, record speakers over some hours or days, and either edit out tape affect- ed sections, or simply discard earlier data. Although this principle seems very plausible, there appears to be no studies which have tested its validity. A similarly plausible but not well-tested claim is that if people are recorded in self-selected groups, then the pressures of interacting in a group will overrid the iuflueuce of the tape-recorder. Labor (1972b) claimes that recording Negro youths in their peer groups deceased the attention they paid to their speech. On the other hand, he was recording gangs of boys who might have gone out of their way to display their group solidarity to the observer. A different version of this argument is to record natural social groups. I did so in working class areas of Belfast. I became a natural member of the groups, with a socially recognized role. Despite the fact that I was known by some members to be making tape-recordings, I was not seen as a researcher, but as a friend of a friend! Having been initiated into the group by someone who knew my interests, these interests were not always seen as relevant, and not necessarily mentioned in introducing me to other members. I could, therefore, observe the group while not being defined as an observer. In other ways, I found a way of being present myself without breaking the interactional equipment, and that the effect of recording could not last for long periods during which I recorded. [br] The author is mainly ______
选项
A、talking about file practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
B、talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
C、talking about the observer’s paradox
D、talking about the speaker’s styles and conscious control
答案
B
解析
A说者主要讲的是获得高质量录音材料所涉及到的实际问题。B说者主要讲的是获得高质量录音材料所涉及到的理论上的问题,原材料中有原句,因此正确。C说者主要讲的是观察者所处的矛盾地位。D说者主要讲的是说话者的风格和有意识的控制。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3286840.html
相关试题推荐
Educationhaslongbeenembracedasoneofthebestwaystocombatinequality
[originaltext]1.Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,t
[originaltext]1.Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,t
[originaltext]1.Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,t
[originaltext]1.Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,t
[originaltext]M:Youknow,everyonetodayisconcernedaboutpollution.Yousee
[originaltext]TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutthehealthproblemsrelatedtosunt
[originaltext]TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutthehealthproblemsrelatedtosunt
[originaltext]TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutthehealthproblemsrelatedtosunt
TotheoneBritishcoupleinseventhathasproblemsconceiving,twinssound
随机试题
安全生产管理人员的(),是企业安全文化建设中的一项重要内容。A.职业道德建设
“主键”不允许取重复值,是指A.实体完整性约束规则 B.引用完整性约束规则
混凝土抗折强度试验中,当混凝土强度等级小于C30时,加载速度为()。A:0.0
A.痰涂片镜检 B.大便涂片镜检 C.胸水涂片镜检 D.血液涂片镜检 E
按照《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》,地方政府举债采取政府债券方式:没
下列支出,应当计入产品成本的有()。A.制造费用 B.生产人员的工资及福
以下不属于产力的是A、子宫收缩力 B、腹肌收缩力 C、膈肌收缩力 D、坐骨
以下服用舌下片的注意事项中,错误的是A.给药宜迅速、把药片放于舌下 B.含服时
患儿,2岁。不会独立行走,智力落后。查体:皮肤细嫩,肌肉松弛,眼距宽,鼻梁低平,
最新回复
(
0
)