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  3. THE PRESSURE THAT WORKING PEOPLE HAVE TO FACE IN CHINA In the first pa

THE PRESSURE THAT WORKING PEOPLE HAVE TO FACE IN CHINA In the first pa

游客2023-12-18  24
问题        THE PRESSURE THAT WORKING PEOPLE HAVE TO FACE IN CHINA
   In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
   Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
   Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
选项
答案    In China today，working people，both white-collars and blue-collars，are suffering from increasing work- related stress．The cumulating stress not only reduces the work efficiency of the employees but also harms their health  physically and mentally．This problem，though having caught much attention from sociologists，defies any solution unless its causes are thoroughly investigated．
     Obviously the ever-growing stress comes from the keen competition in the world of work. As we all know; the economic reform in China, initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s, has resulted in the establishment of the market economy, which is characterized by free competition. With the competition getting tougher with each passing day, some companies have a higher expectation of their employees in terms of productivity and thus urge the latter to further their studies in their spare time in the hope of making them more efficient at work; other companies may choose to downsize their workforce so as to cut down on costs. While these measures may and often do help to make companies more competitive, they naturally put many of the employees in constant anxiety. As recent statistics show, an increasing percentage of the working people in China are suffering from various diseases related in one way or another to the stress from the working environment replete with competition.
   The stress resulting from competition is often intensified by the nature of one’s job. A cashier, for instance, whose work demands extraordinary precision and care, has to be highly alert all through his work because any slight negligence on his part may cause substantial financial losses for himself as well as the organization he works for. Such long-term, high-level strain necessarily adds to the stress he has to suffer in a competitive working environment.
   To be relieved of the stress, an employee has to realize that the time has long gone when anyone can stay on one job for all his life and that changing or being changed into another job is, and will remain, a common practice in China, a newly born free market country. This awareness may well help him to keep buoyant when dismissed from his position as a result of rationalization within a company. In addition, he is advised to take advantage of every opportunity to get himself well prepared for the present job professionally. Only when he is well equipped with the expertise needed for his profession can he expect to have an easy mind while at work.
解析    第一部分为文章的第一段。作者从回答题中提出的问题着手，指出中国劳动人口面临工作压力，这种压力不仅影响工作效率而且对员工的身心健康也产生危害。紧接着，作者用一句话(This problem，though having caught much attention from sociologists，defies any solution unless its causes are thoroughly investigated．)交代文章将主要探讨工作压力产生的原因并提出解决问题的建议。这句话可以理解为是本文的thesis statement，为读者阅读全文起到指引的作用。
   第二部分由第二，三两个自然段组成，从两个方面分析了工作压力产生的原因。第二段主题句(Obviously the ever-growing stress comes from the keen competition in the world of work．)给出了本段的中心思想，即工作压力来自于工作环境中紧张激烈的竞争。接着作者具体说明了为什么会产生竞争，竞争又是如何给员工增加了压力。第三自然段的首句(The stress resulting from competition may be intensified by the nature of one’s job．)起到了承上启下的作用，同时它又是本段的主题句，指出工作的性质也有可能增加因为竞争而产生的压力。作者以出纳员的工作为例阐述了本段的主题。
   第三部分为文章的最后一段，在主体段落讨论了引起工作压力的两大原因之后，作者有针对性地提出了两点建议，第一，要意识到在中国这样的新兴的市场经济，国家调换工作无论现在还是将来都是很正常的事情；第二，要提高自己的职业水平。只有这样才能从根本上减轻自己的工作压力。
   另外，作者在词汇和句子结构的选择方面也有值得借鉴的地方。在词汇的使用方面，作者一方面注意词汇的搭配，如defies any solution，the establishment of the market economy，cut down on their costs，demands extraordinary precision and care等，保证了词汇使用的恰当性(appropriacy)另一方面，作者还有意识地尽量避免词汇的重复，以扩大词汇的范围(range of vocabulary)，如表示“解雇”时作者使用了make redundant， downsize the workforce和dismiss等三种表达方式，在谈到工作压力时，作者使用了stress，anxiety，be highly alert等不同的词汇或词组。句子结构方面，全文共12句话，其中9句为并列句以及主从复合句等复杂的句子结构。本书所提供的8篇范文在词汇和句子结构方面都具有上述特点，希望读者在阅读范文时仔细体会。为节省篇幅，其他范文的解析部分有关词汇和句子结构的内容不再赘述。
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