首页
登录
职称英语
President Bush has proposed adding optional personal accounts as one of the c
President Bush has proposed adding optional personal accounts as one of the c
游客
2023-12-18
41
管理
问题
President Bush has proposed adding optional personal accounts as one of the central elements of a major Social Security reform proposal. Although many details remain to be worked out, the proposal would allow individuals who choose to do so to divert part of the money they currently pay in Social Security taxes into individual investment accounts. Individuals would have a choice of fund managers, and the return that they earn from those accounts would then partially determine the Social Security benefit they receive when they retire.
Individual accounts pose a number of important and complex design and implementation issues, including how to lower the cost of administering accounts so that they do not erode the value of pensions that individuals receive when they retire, how many and what kinds of fund choices should be offered, and how to engage workers in choosing funds.
In the late 1990s, Sweden added a mandatory individual accounts tier to its public pension system. This p01icy brief examines the Swedish experience and lessons it suggests for the United States about the design and implementation challenges of individual accounts.
Sweden has one of the oldest and most comprehensive public pension systems in the world. But by the 1980s, several problems with the system were becoming evident, including current funding deficits and a very large projected funding shortfall as Sweden’s population, which is among the oldest in the world, continued to age.
Between 1991 and 1998, Sweden adopted a new pension system built on three fundamental elements. A new "income pension" is intended to tie pension benefits more closely to contributions made over the entire course of an individual’ s working life, while lowering the overall cost of the system; it is financed entirely by a 16 percent payroll tax. A "guarantee pension" provides minimum income support for workers with low lifetime earnings. It is financed entirely by general government revenues and is income-tested against other public pension income.
The third element is a "premium pension" financed by a 2.5 percent payroll tax. These funds are placed in an individual investment account. Individuals have a wide variety of fund choices. To lower administrative costs; and the administrative burden on employers, collection of premium pension contributions and fund choices are centrally administered by a new government agency, the Premium Pension Authority. Deposits into pension funds are made only once a year, after complete wage records for a calendar year are available from the state tax authorities. Employees choose up to five funds from a list of funds approved by the PPA. Swedes can change their fund allocations as often as they want without charge, but the system is not designed to facilitate "day trading"—switching funds often takes several days.
The new pension system’s planners recognized that many workers might not make an active pension fund choice. They created a Seventh Swedish National Pension Fund to offer a default fund, called the Premium Savings Fund, for those who do not choose a fund or simply prefer to have the government invest for them. [br] Which one is not the fundamental element of the Swedish new pension system?
选项
A、A new income pension
B、Workers with low lifetime earnings can receive minimum income support
C、A premium pension financed by personal income tax
D、A premium pension which is administered by a government agency
答案
C
解析
从第五段至第六段,讲述了瑞典新福利制度的三大基本要素。C之所以错,在于弄错了养老金的来源,原文讲到,养老金“financed by a 2.5 percent payroll tax”,即是由工资税缴纳的,而非个人所得税。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3285196.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]EightUSDemocraticpresidentialhopefulsdebatedtheIraqwa
[originaltext]EightUSDemocraticpresidentialhopefulsdebatedtheIraqwa
[originaltext]TheWhiteHousehadjustconfirmedthatPresidentBushwould
[originaltext]TheWhiteHousehadjustconfirmedthatPresidentBushwould
[originaltext]TheWhiteHousehadjustconfirmedthatPresidentBushwould
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutDavid’spersonalbackground
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutDavid’spersonalbackground
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutDavid’spersonalbackground
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutDavid’spersonalbackground
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutDavid’spersonalbackground
随机试题
Colorsaresometimescalledhot,cold,orneutral(中性的).Redandyellowares
[originaltext]M:Goodmorning.Doctor.W:Goodmorning,Mr.White.WhatcanId
Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequi
[originaltext]Today,we’llcontinueourdiscussionoftheschoollifeatHa
《中华人民共和国药品管理法》规定,下列情形按假药论处的是A、药品成份的含量不符合
桂枝解热镇痛作用的主要有效成分是A.桂皮酸B.桂皮醛C.乙酸桂皮酯D.反式桂皮酸
Ⅰ型高脂蛋白血症时,患者的血浆外观特征是A.奶油样表层,下层透明B.透明C.混浊
实际的集体谈判结果确定在效率合约曲线的哪一点,取决于( )。A.雇主的受益点
下列属于非强制性规范的是()。 A.政治规范B.道德规范C.法律规范D.
证券回购市场属于()。A:货币市场B:资本市场C:中期资金市场D:长期资金
最新回复
(
0
)