2. 职称英语
  3. Good manners are the art of making those easy with whom we converse. Whoever

Good manners are the art of making those easy with whom we converse. Whoever

游客2023-12-18  13
问题    Good manners are the art of making those easy with whom we converse. Whoever makes the fewest persons uneasy is the best bred in the company.
   As the best law is founded upon reason, so are the best manners. And as some lawyers have introduced unreasonable things into common law, so likewise many teachers have introduced absurd things into common good manners.
   One principal point of this art is to suit our behaviour to the three several degrees of men; our superiors, our equals, and those below us. For instance, to press either of the two former to eat or drink is a breach of manners; but a farmer or a tradesman must be thus treated, or else it will be difficult to persuade them that they are welcome. Pride, ill nature, and want of sense, are the three great sources of ill manners; without some one of these defects, no man will behave himself iii for want of experience; or of what, in the language of fools, is called knowing the world. I defy any one to assign an incident wherein reason will not direct us what we are to say or do in company, if we are not misled by pride or ill nature.
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答案    礼貌是使和我们交谈的人安之若素的一种艺术。在一群人中，谁越不使人感到局促不安，谁就越有教养。最公正的法律是建立在理智之上的，同样，最好的举上行为也是建立在理智之上的。有的律师将无理的东西引进了普通法，同样，许多教师也将怪诞的东西引进了日常的良好礼貌。
   礼貌艺术的一大要素是，以适当的举止行为对待三种不同层次的人，即高于自己层次的、与自己同一层次的和低于自己层次的人。例如，硬要前两种层次的人吃菜喝酒是失礼的，但是农夫和商贩必须如此对待，否则就无法使他们相信他们并非不速之客。骄傲自大；性情粗暴、缺乏理智是有失礼貌的三大原因。如果能革除这些弊病，没有人会因为缺乏经验，或者，如某些愚人所说，因为不请世故而礼貌不周。要不是受到骄傲情绪或粗暴性情的误导，理智总会指引我们与人交往时谈吐得体，举止适度，我敢断言，没有人能举出一个与此相悖的事例来。
解析    1．the best bred：最有教养的人
   2．As the best law is founded upon reason，so are the best manners．
   在衔接方式上，英语多用替代，汉语多用重复。本句中so替代founded upon reason，试比较译文：最公正的法律是建立在理智之上的，同样，最好的举止行为也是建立在理智之上的，
   3．And as same lawyers have introduced unreasonable things into common law，So likewise many teachers have introduced absurd things into conmmon good manners．
   本句中as…so为结构衔接手段，指示比较关系。译文：有的律师将无理的东西引进了普通法，同样，许多教师也将怪诞的东西引进了日常的良好礼貌。
   4．For instance，to press either of the two former to eat or drink is a breach of manners；
   在衔接方式上，英语多用替代。本句中the two former代L句中的our superiors和our equals。译文：例如，硬要前两种层次的人吃菜喝酒是失礼的。
   5．persuade them that they are welcome．
   翻译中正说与反说可以变通，以使译文符合目的语的习惯。以上正说可以用反说译：使他们相信他们并非不速之客。
   6．I defy anyone to assign an incident wherein reason will not direct us what we are to say or do in company， if we are not misled by pride or ill nature．
   defy：向……挑战，如：I defy you to do that．(我看你不敢那么干。)wherein代an incident。defy与will not形成双重否定，可以用肯定泽：要不是受到骄傲情绪或粗暴性情的误导，理智总会指引我们与人交往时谈吐得体，举止适度，我敢断言，没有人能举出一个与此相悼的事例来。
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