首页
登录
职称英语
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accu
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accu
游客
2023-12-18
46
管理
问题
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. (426 words) [br] We can infer from the passage that ______.
选项
A、there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
B、amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C、professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D、amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
答案
B
解析
可从第二段的最后一句得出结论,即非专业人员可以在除了数学训练和实验室训练为依托的学科中与专业人员一争高下。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3283210.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]INTERVIEWER:You’reanexpertontheurbanproblem,Mr.Cross.I
[originaltext]INTERVIEWER:You’reanexpertontheurbanproblem,Mr.Cross.I
[originaltext]INTERVIEWER:You’reanexpertontheurbanproblem,Mr.Cross.I
Well-traveledAmericanbusinesspeopleareincreasinglyrealizingthattheym
Well-traveledAmericanbusinesspeopleareincreasinglyrealizingthattheym
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
Overthelastdecadetherehasbeenincreasinginterestinnewertechniques
随机试题
IFBNO.CMC9301308ThePeople’sRepublicofChinaChinaNationalMachineryImpo
PreventingTextbookTheft1.【T1】oftextbooktheft【T1】______Thecostoftextbook
A.有利于患者的原则 B.尊重患者自主性原则 C.知情同意原则 D.公正原
【教学过程】 (一)导入新知 1.你的身高是多少?你会用小数来描述吗?题目来源于考生回忆 2.你都在哪里见过小数?说一说,并写出几个你见过的小数来。 (
2020年,F省全年粮食产量502.32万吨,比上年增加8.42万吨,增长1.7
治疗急性痛风的首选药物A.苯溴马隆 B.对乙酰氨基酚 C.秋水仙碱 D.别
病例摘要患者,男性,35岁,人院前20余天,由于右上后牙反复肿痛,于当地村卫
甲果品厂与乙果园签订了一项苹果买卖合同,合同约定,乙果园提供1000斤苹果,甲付
某市甲卷烟厂为增值税一般纳税人,主要生产销售A牌卷烟,2021年3月发生如下业务
按照费用构成要素划分的建筑安装工程费用项目中,因病而按计时工资标准的一定比例支付
最新回复
(
0
)