首页
登录
职称英语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary e
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary e
游客
2023-12-17
81
管理
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work bas changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, most women worked in ______.
选项
A、textile mills
B、private households
C、offices
D、schools
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3280811.html
相关试题推荐
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionarye
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyi
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyi
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyi
Duringthe1970’sand1980’spoliticalextremismandterrorismfrequentlyfoc
Duringthe1970’sand1980’spoliticalextremismandterrorismfrequentlyfoc
Duringthe1970’sand1980’spoliticalextremismandterrorismfrequentlyfoc
随机试题
[audioFiles]2015m3s/audio_ezfj_ezflisteningd_20151_042[/audioFiles]
IfthepopulationoftheEarthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,there
[originaltext]Weuseallsortofserviceswithoutthinkingabouthowweget
______(participate)arefreetospeaktheirminds,astrothismadeclearthrou
在调整施工进度计划时,采用改善外部配合条件,改善劳动条件,实施强有力的调度等是属
不属于阳虚证临床表现的是A、脉沉迟无力 B、口淡不渴 C、舌红少苔 D、小
材料一 新春伊始,《新农村》记者小梁到基层调研,以下是他在两个村庄采访的片段。
投资项目决策分析与评价的基本要求包括贯彻落实科学发展观、资料数据准确可靠和()
在施工过程中,为了加快施工进度,施工单位可采取的技术措施包括()。A.采用
以下关于台阶法开挖法优点说法错误的是()。A、灵活多变,适用性强,是各种开挖方
最新回复
(
0
)