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  3. Scholar and students have always been great travelers. The official case for

Scholar and students have always been great travelers. The official case for

游客2023-12-16  34
问题    Scholar and students have always been great travelers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go aboard in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.
   Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontier, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.
   In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.
   Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention; there are far more centres of learning, a far greater number of scholars and students.
   In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced study has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
   Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. Form these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalised schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.
   But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.  This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences. [br] In the writer’s opinion, interdisciplinary studies are important because they ______.
选项 A、encourage scholars to concentrate on their own specialisations
B、allow scholars to change disciplines more easily
C、make scholars aware of problems outside their own field
D、allow overworked scholars to relax
答案 C
解析 该题问：根据作者的意见，多学科研究很重要的原因是什么?A项意为“鼓励学者集中精力致力于自己的专业”；B项意为“使学者更容易交换科目”；C项意为“使学者意识到他们领域之外的问题”；D项意为“让超负荷工作的学者休息放松”。从本文的最后一段可以找到线索：“由于专业数量的增加，范围缩小，就出现反面的学科间研究运动”。基于这种认识，可以知道一个人是难以恰当地调查研究现代世界提出的异常复杂的问题，也是单子科小范围知识最近发展所提出的复杂问题。此趋向导致各种专业之间的许多学术交流特别着重于专家之间知识的交流，这反映在入场多国际会议所选定的广泛的课题上。因此可知C项为正确选项。
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