首页
登录
职称英语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodica
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodica
游客
2023-12-15
28
管理
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said, Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for—whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet u combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over—often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books—including textbooks—that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. "What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president-elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver."
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars."
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Let Behind law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a massage strut to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them." he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids am reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
"It all comes down to the teacher," he said. "It’s people, not programs." [br] According to the author, "No Child Left Behind Law" is ______
选项
A、objective in setting its goal
B、partial in its basis
C、useful in addressing reading issues
D、improving the reading scores of the students
答案
B
解析
同样在第十一段,President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Left Behind law,该法律的核心问题是Reading First program,而后者的基础是report by the National Reading Panel,根据第三题可以知道,报告的内容是片面的,所以No Child Left Behind Law的核心问题是不够全面,所以选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3276473.html
相关试题推荐
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,alive
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,alive
[originaltext]VoiceOne:ChildrenaroundtheworldknowSesameStreetasthep
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,aliveWi
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,aliveWi
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,aliveWi
Britain’seastmidlandswereoncethepictureofEnglishcountryside,aliveWi
[originaltext]NorwayhasagreedtobecomethefirstcountryoutsideAfricato
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acityofhaftam
随机试题
[originaltext]Moderator:Goodevening,ladiesandgentlemen.It’smyg
消费者在购买商品时,不享有的权利是A.无理由退货 B.自主选择商品 C.人身
导游向旅游者索要小费的,由旅游主管部门责令退还,处2000元以上1万元以下罚款,
2014年前9个月江苏钢材产量稳步增长。其中1~2月产量为1932万吨,累计同比
左边给定的是纸盒外表面的展开图,右边哪一项能由它折叠而成?请把它找出来。
下列叙述错误的是A:重镇安神药质重沉降,多为矿石介类B:养心安神药多为植物药,
初孕妇,29岁,妊娠28周。近日自感头晕、头痛,产检时发现血压158/110mm
中心静脉压的正常值范围是()。A.2~3cmH2O B.3~4cmH2O
期货从业人员不得阻扰或者拒绝投资者另外委托其他期货经营机构或者期货从业人员提供服
(2016年真题)期权按照标的物不同,可以分为金融期权与商品期权,下列属于金融期
最新回复
(
0
)