首页
登录
职称英语
Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday
Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday
游客
2023-12-14
46
管理
问题
Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Their study, published in the journal Science, supports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.
"It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV. . . this chimp community resides in Cameroon," said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama, who led the study. "But that doesn’t mean the epidemic originated there because it didn’t," Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.
"We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville. " Kinshasa is in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS virus.
In people, HIV leads to AIDS but chimps have a version called simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HIV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has, killed 25 million. Spread in blood, sexual contact and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.
And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in captive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could be found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.
"The chimps in that area are hunted. It’s certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials," she said. But the trackers managed to collect 599 samples of droppings. Hahn’s lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.
"We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and we were able to get viral sequences from all of them," Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.
"We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and others were not," she said. Chimps separated by a river were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carried the virus into the human population. "So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?" Hahn asked. "Some human must have done so. There is a river that goes from that southeastern corner of Cameroon down to the Congo River. "
Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original human-to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahn’s study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. "We don’t really know how these transmissions occurred," Hahn said.
"We know that you don’t get it petting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you can’t get HIV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are hunting it, which could do it. "
Hahn’s study only applies the HIV group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. "It’s quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV) lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HIV diagnostic and vaccines," her team wrote. [br] From the description in the passage, we learn that
选项
A、monkeys are also susceptible to HIV.
B、ADS has killed 25 million people in the last 25 years.
C、vaccine has been developed to prevent AIDS.
D、AIDS can be cured by drug cocktails.
答案
B
解析
从第4段第3句和第4句可得知B与其对应,为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3273224.html
相关试题推荐
ResearcherswhopickedupandanalyzedwildchimpdroppingssaidonThursdayt
ResearcherswhopickedupandanalyzedwildchimpdroppingssaidonThursdayt
Thatsummeranarmyofcricketsstartedawarwithmyfather.Theypickedafi
Thatsummeranarmyofcricketsstartedawarwithmyfather.Theypickedafi
Thatsummeranarmyofcricketsstartedawarwithmyfather.Theypickedafi
Thatsummeranarmyofcricketsstartedawarwithmyfather.Theypickedafi
[originaltext]Texas’attorneygeneralonThursdaypledgedhisfullcooperation
[originaltext]Texas’attorneygeneralonThursdaypledgedhisfullcooperation
[originaltext]ThecoordinatedattacksThursdaybyasuicidecarbomberandanot
Contrasttoresearchers’expectations,dysfunctionalfamilyrelationshipsand
随机试题
A------trackandfieldJ------roadraceB------cheerleaderK------platformdivi
TheAmericanwarondrugshasgottenallthetypesinrecentyears,butalco
民办高等学校的法定代表人由学校董事会(或理事会)负责人担任。()
患者女性,16岁,流涕、咽痛1周,咳嗽、咳黄色黏痰1天。查体:体温38℃,血压1
下列有关见证取样的要求,描述正确的有( )。 A、试验室要具有相应的资质并进
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
患者男性,53岁,患动脉粥样硬化2年,血液生化检查显示:LDL-C及TC均高于正
以下关于个人汽车贷款额度描述正确的是()。A.自用车的贷款额度不得超过所购汽车
进口货样、广告品属自动进口许可管理的机电产品和一般商品,每批次价值人民币100
劳动争议处理的一般程序包括( )。A.协商、调解、仲裁和诉讼 B.调解、投诉
最新回复
(
0
)