首页
登录
职称英语
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that c
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that c
游客
2023-12-14
42
管理
问题
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything that resembles a well-rounded life — with adults and other children to listen to, talk to, do things with — their minds will acquire naturally all the skills required for further learning.
Take for example, reading. The two strongest predictors of whether children will learn to read easily and well at school are whether they have learned the names and the sounds of letters of the alphabet before they start school. That may seem to imply that letter names and sounds should be deliberately taught to young children, because these skills will not happen naturally.
But in all the research programs where they have done just that — instructed children, rehearsed the names and sounds over and over — the results are disappointing. The widely accepted explanation is that knowledge of the alphabet for it to work in helping one to read, has to be deeply embedded in the child’s mind. That comes from years of exposure and familiarity with letters, from being read to, from playing with magnetic letters, drawing and fiddling with computers.
So parents can do some things to help, although many do these things spontaneously. Instead of reading a story straight through, the reader should pause every so often and ask questions but not questions which can be answered by a yes or no. Extend their answers, suggest alternative possibilities and pose progressively more challenging questions.
And with arithmetic do not explicitly sit down and teach children about numbers, but all those early years count when walking up steps. Recite nursery rhymes. Talk to children. Say this is a red apple, that is a green one. Please get three eggs out of the fridge for me.
The technical term in vogue for this subtle structuring of children’s early learning is "scaffolding". Based on recent extensions of the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky the idea is that there are things a child may be almost ready to do. Anna, for example, cannot tie a shoelace by herself, but if an adult or a competent child forms one of the loops for her, she will soon learn to do the rest. Applying this concept to older children, one wonderful teacher has her children keep lists of "Words I can Almost Spell".
While this has all the hallmarks of common sense, it represents a significant change of emphasis from the idea of Piaget, which have dominated the theory of early childhood learning. The child in Piaget’s theory looks, more than anything, like a little scientist — exploring the environment, observing, experimenting, thinking and slowly coming to his or her conclusions about how the world works. The image is of a rather solitary pursuit with all the real action in the child’s head.
The Vygotsky model re-introduces all the people who also inhabit the child’s world—parents, care-givers,relatives, siblings and all those other children at play or school. They are not simply noise, clattering in the background while the child’s developing mind struggles on its own. The cognitive development of the child, that is, the learning of colors or numbers or letters — depends on learning how to interact socially, how to learn from the people (as well as the things) in the environment.
What is important is that the child develops the range of social skills — being able to express a preference, knowing how to take rums, being able to stand up for themselves, being able to get into a group, being able to make decisions, being able to share, having confidence to go off on their own. These all require careful nurturing. No one is telling parents not to think about their children’s development.
It is just that it is more important to think about a child’s desire to chat and the importance of social behavior and play activity, than the actually more trivial markers of intellectual achievement such as being the first kid in the group to cut a circle that looks like a circle. [br] When children begin their schooling, they will learn to read quickly if previously______.
选项
A、letter names and sounds are deliberately taught to them
B、parents read stories very often without frustrating the children with questions
C、they have never learned letters
D、they play with letters unconsciously
答案
D
解析
第三段最后一句话说,That comes from years of exposure and familiarity with letters,from being read to,from playing with magnetic letters,drawing and fiddling with computers.这就是说要在游戏等当中不知不觉地教孩子识字,所以选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3271542.html
相关试题推荐
Itisestimatedthatthenumberoffemaleteachersaccountsfor60-70%ofth
Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacit
Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacit
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsd
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsd
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsd
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsd
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsd
"Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized
"Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized
随机试题
MindYourCaloriesorYourWaistline?Cuttingbac
Thecommunication【T1】______ofemployeesandtheimportanceofcommunication
Whetdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss?[originaltext]Anumberofinsectsr
[originaltext](24)Anewstudyhasfoundevidenceofaggressivebehaviorin
正性心理距离是指情感越密切,心理距离()。
韩女士本月工资收入6000元。如果个人缴纳的“三险”比例分别为8%、2%和1%。
专(兼)职驾驶员定期做好生产用车的例行保养、检查工作,保证车况良好。
(2015年真题)关于FIRR(财务内部收益率)的说法中,正确的有()。A.F
(2014年真题)某城镇生活污水处理厂配套建设室内污泥堆肥场,其对外环境的主要环
常用于大直径,长距离,回转型设备同心度的找正测量以及高塔体、高塔架安装过程中同心
最新回复
(
0
)