首页
登录
职称英语
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguist
游客
2023-12-14
27
管理
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several cross-disciplinary fields of linguistics.
1. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and (1)______ in language
within a society or community.
Examining the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve (2)______.
2. Psycholinguistics
Studying language processing and its interaction
with (3)______mental processes, for instance, studies
of children’s language acquisition and SLA.
3. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic
studies, (4)______, bringing forth machine translation
systems and machines that (’ 5) ______ and produce
speech and text, which may help those with perceptual or linguistical impairment.
4. Applied Linguistics
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve
SLA (6)______, especially focusing on motivation,
(7)______, learning style, and personality.
5. (8)______Linguistics
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time.
6. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one
major concern to analyze the (9)______ of possible
word order combinations.
7. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is (10) ______ and
represented in the brain. [br]
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning. We’ll continue with our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics; descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. The many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use. It also (2) examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as " fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and (3) linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities. (4) Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances. (5) Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics. (6) Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence. (7) In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share. (9) Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object (SVO) order as English does (like"She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb (SOV) order or the verb-subject-object (VSO) order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics. (10) Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language (phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax) are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
negotiate
解析
根据句(2)可知,社会语言学研究人们如何运用语言来演绎他们在社会中的角色并实现他们的权力地位,故答案为positions of power。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3271310.html
相关试题推荐
Theareabetween______and______isnowoftenreferredtoasthe"SiliconGlen".A、
Humanlinguisticabilitylargelydependsonthestructureanddynamicsof______.
Amongthebranchesoflinguistics,______studieshowwordsarecombinedtoforms
Accordingtolinguists,therearetwotypesofculture:themoreconcreteandob
TheTreatyofWaitangiin1840wasanagreementbetween______.A、theMaoriwhaler
Alinguisticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedeitherbyanind
WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTstatehowthelinguistdiscoversthenatureand
ThemoststrikingphoneticdifferencebetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishisth
Whatistherelationshipbetween"livestock"and"cattle"?A、Polysemy.B、Antonymy
Thesmallestlinguisticunitthatcanbeusedindependentlyis______.A、morpheme
随机试题
FormanyAmericans,summerisatimetoputonswimwearandspendtimeatt
商业银行的各类负债业务中,最核心的业务是()。A.同业拆入业务 B.资金业
李某,女性,30岁。饱食后出现脘腹胀满疼痛,拒按,嗳腐吞酸,厌食呕恶,痛而欲泄,
可在人工培养基中生长的对人类有致病作用的立克次体是( )。A.立克次体属 B
苏霍姆林斯基曾说过:“一个好的教师,是一个懂得心理学和教育学的人。”这里他强调的
有关乳牙滞留的描述,错误的是A.继承恒牙已萌出,乳牙未按时脱落 B.乳牙滞留应
在对某社区进行社区口腔保健宣讲时,首先要讲明老年人口腔保健的策略主要是A.自我保
在农村经营管理统计中,农民专业合作社本年度为成员统一销售农产品总量占成员当年销售
在填制会计凭证时,¥2353.62元的大写金额数字为()。A.人民币贰仟叁
根据《节约能源法》,关于我国建筑节能措施的说法,正确的是()A:新建筑必须安装和
最新回复
(
0
)