首页
登录
职称英语
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to
游客
2023-12-11
18
管理
问题
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden
Age structure refers to the percentage of the population in different age
【1】______Mexico’s age structure is quite different from Sweden’s in 【1】______
that the former is like a【2】______with a wider base. In Sweden, the age 【2】______
structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n)【3】______ 【3】______
birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, the
population is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in size
with a(n)【4】______distribution. 【4】______
The Effects of Different Age Structures:
--Age structures affects population growth:
a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of the
pyramid will have a【5】______population growth rate. 【5】______
b) a larger proportion of women of【6】______age results in a faster 【6】______
population growth.
--Age structure affects【7】______: 【7】______
1) a larger percentage of people of【8】______age means more wealth 【8】______
and higher standard of living.
2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more expenditure
on【9】______to achieve the same standards. 【9】______
3) the【10】______rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be 【10】______
found for a larger number of graduates. [br] 【4】
I want to talk today about the way in which a country’s population is structured into age groups. And in particular, I shall discuss two aspects of age structure--first, different age structures in different countries, and second, the effects of different age structures.
But first, what do I mean by this term "age structure"? Perhaps these graphs will help. They show the age structures of two countries--Mexico and Sweden. The left-hand side of each graph represents males, and the right-hand side represents females. The horizontal axis indicates the percentage of the population in different age groups. And the vertical axis indicates age. As you can see, Mexico’s age structure is very different from Sweden’s. Mexico’s is shaped like a pyramid, with a very wide base. In Mexico, large families are common; children’s death rates are also very much lower than they used to be, and so the result is a rapidly expanding population.
In Sweden, on the other hand, the age groups are much more evenly distributed. Sweden’s age structure shows a society that has been industrialized for a long time. A constant birth rate and a low death rate in early and middle age result in this almost rectangular shape that tapers off at the top as people die of old age. In other words, Sweden’s population is stable in size.
So much for age structures themselves. Now, what about the effects of different age structures? Well, we know that women have children when they are between the ages of about 15 and 45. And it is generally true that the larger the proportion of women of child-bearing age, the faster the population growth. Let’s consider two imaginary countries--Sunnary and Rainland. Both countries have 100,000 people. But as you can see from the age structures, in Sunnary there are 45,000 people between 15 and 45 in other words, about 22,500 women of child-bearing age. But in Rainland, there are 55,000 people between 15 and 45 about 27,500 women of child-bearing age. Suppose, in one year, one in every 10 women has a child, and one in every 10 people over 60 dies. We then have this situation., births in Sunnary are 2,250, compared with 2,750 in Rainland. Deaths in Sunnary are 1000 compared with 500 in Rainland. As a result, the population of Sunuary increases by 1,250. But Rainland’s population increases by 2,250. This situation will not go on forever, of course, because eventually there will by the same proportion of old people in both countries. But by that time, Rainland’s population will be much, much larger. The point I am making, then, is that age structure affects population growth: a country with a larger proportion of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a higher population growth rate.
Age structure also has very important economic effects. I’ll mention just three effects as examples. In Mexico, the population between the ages of 15 and 64 makes up 54% of the total population. These 54% are the people able to work and se produce the country’s wealth and standard of living. But in Sweden this 15-64 age group comprises 67%. Yes, 67% of the population. So in Sweden, a larger proportion of the population are of working age.
A second economic effect of age structures is on education. We can see from the graph that Mexico has roughly double the proportion of children aged 5-14 that Sweden has. It’s clear that a country like Mexico, then, with a larger proportion of children, will have to spend a larger proportion of its national income on education--schools, teachers, books, etc.--to achieve the same educational standards.
And a third economic effect is that jobs will have to be found for these children when they leave school. This is more difficult for a country with a large proportion of children, se there is likely to be a higher unemployment rate.
I hope these examples, then, have illustrated what is meant by the term "age structure", and have shown some of the effects of different age structures.
选项
答案
even
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3264370.html
相关试题推荐
TherehasbeenanecologicaltriumphintheprovincesofSwedenwhereIhave
TherehasbeenanecologicaltriumphintheprovincesofSwedenwhereIhave
______referstoalanguagethatisadoptedasacommonlanguagebetweenspeakers
Inwriting,______referstoseriesofwordsthatbeginwiththesameconsonantor
Thebookfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes"refersto______.A、The
Comparedwithwrittencomplexquestionnaires,structuredinterviews[br][origi
Comparedwithwrittencomplexquestionnaires,structuredinterviews[br][origi
______referstosomecontrastordiscrepancybetweenappearanceandreality.A、Al
Thebookfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes"referstoA、Moby-Dick.
Generally,theRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween______and______centuries.
随机试题
The_____ofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.A、summitB、he
FriendsA)Onmyrecenttravels,Icametorealiz
Takingyourdogonvacationmayhavebeen【B1】______adecadeago,buttoday
在现实生活中人们经常可以发现,智商高的人在婚姻关系、子女养育、职场适应等方面并不
A.漏出液 B.浆液性渗出液 C.血性渗出液 D.乳糜性渗出液 E.脓性
长期服用天王补心丹、朱砂安神丸、紫雪丹、至宝丹易出现A.慢性肝中毒 B.慢性肾
A.商阳 B.曲池 C.合谷 D.尺泽 E.手三里位于手指,食指末节桡侧
求助者的一般资料:王倩,女性,28岁,某国企出纳。 案例介绍:求助者半年以前
在执行业务时,下列人员中,可能出现意见分歧的有()。A.项目组与被咨询者之间
P股份有限公司(以下简称“P公司”)系股票在上海证券交易所交易的上市公司,实际控
最新回复
(
0
)