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America’s New Dietary Advice Trying to get Americans

游客2023-12-11  39
问题                         America’s New Dietary Advice
    Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business. Even the best-designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavours of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-loaded products. The results are apparent on a walk down any American street—more than 60 % of Americans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity.
    Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign has taken one of the more successful publichealth campaigns—the Food Guide Pyramid—and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America’s Department of Agriculture caved in to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect their products.
    The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of grains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products, meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous programme, which was centred on the idea of four basic food groups. The " Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up half of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries.
    The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understandable way. The new pyramid, called "My Pyramid", has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multicoloured vertical stripes. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, sex and activity level, and get a custom-designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is fine for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information.
    Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States’ Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back pf a cereal box. Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid—a big success in the world of public-health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice. [br] According to the text, the new food pyramid______.
选项 A、attaches great value to grains, vegetables and fruits
B、replaced the "Basic Four" food guide
C、conveys the general concepts of a healthy diet
D、is designed to be a logo under the industry pressure
答案 C
解析 本题考查事实细节。题干中的the new food pyramid指的是第四段提到的新的金字塔图表，即，“我的金字塔”。它是旧的金字塔的重新设计，是健康饮食运动的最新形式，只是它被简化为一个标志。如果想把这个图表转变为健康食谱需要访问网站，通过输入个人信息得到定制的金字塔图表。因此这个图表只是传达抽象的、一般的健康概念，具体的指导需要通过网络获得，[C]为正确项。根据第三段的介绍可知，[A]、[B]都指的是旧的膳食指南金字塔。根据第二段末句可知，[D]中“屈于行业压力”只是部分批评新的食物金字塔的人的看法，作者并未表示赞同，因此[D]不正确。
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